Human Development Life-Span View Study Guide 2026 - Accurate and Verified

Human Development Life-Span View Study Guide 2026 - Accurate and Verified Human Development - answer - The Multidisciplinary study of how people CHANGE and how they remain the SAME over time Nature-Nurture Issue - answer - The Degree to which genetic or hereditary influences (nature) and experiential or environmental influences (nurture) determine the kind of person you are Continuity-Discontinuity Issue - answer - Whether or not a particular develpmental part of a person is a smooth progression throughout their life (continuity) or a series of AbrUpT shifts (discontinuity) Universal and context-specific development Issue - answer - If there is ONE path of development or SEVERAL paths Biopsychosocial Framework - answer - A way to organize the BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, and SOCIOCULTURAL & LIFE-CYCLE forces on human development Neuroscience - answer - The study of the brain and nervous system, especially in terms of brain-behavior relationships Theory - answer - An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development Psychodynamic Theories - answer - Theories proposing that development is largely determined by how well people solve conflicts they face at different stages Psychosocial Theory -Basic Trust Vs. Mistrust -Autonomy Vs. Shame -Initiative Vs. Guilt -Industry Vs. Inferiority -Identity Vs. Identity Confusion -Intimacy Vs. Isolation -Generativity Vs. Stagnation -Integrity Vs. Despair - answer - Erickson's Proposal that personality development is determined by the interaction maturational plan and external societal demands Epigenetic Principle - answer - In Erickson's theory, the idea that each psychosocial strength has its own special period of particular importance Operant Conditioning - answer - Learning paradigm in which the consequences of a behavior determine whether a behavior is repeated Reinforcement - answer - A consequence that INCREASES the likelihood of the behavior that it follows Punishment - answer - A consequence that DECREASES the likelihood of the behavior that it follows Imitation or Observational Learning - answer - A consequence that occurs by simply WATCHING how others behave Self-Efficacy - answer - People's beliefs about their own abilities and talents Information-Processing Theory - answer - Theory proposing that human cognition consists of mental HARDWARE and mental SOFTWARE Ecological Theory - answer - Theory based on the idea that human development is inseparable form the environmental contexts in which a person develops Microsystem - answer - The people and objects in an individual's immediate environment Mesosystem - answer - Provides connections across microsystems Exosystem - answer - Social Settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development Macrosystem - answer - the cultures and subcultures in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem are embedded Competence - answer - A person's abilities Environmental Press - answer - Demands put on people by the environment Life-Span Perspective - answer - View that human development is multiply determined and cannot be understood within the scope of a single framework Negative Reinforcement - answer - Rewarding people by taking away unpleasant things (a dinging seat-belt alarm, until it is clicked, then the alarm goes away) Piaget's Four Stages of Cognitive Development - answer - -Sensorimotor -Preoperational Thought -Concrete Operational Thought -Formal Operational Thought Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Model - answer - Model in which three processes (selection, optimization, and compensation) from a system of behavioral action that generates and regulates development and aging Life-Course Perspective - answer - Description of how various generations experience the biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces of development in their respective historical contexts Systematic Observation - answer - Watching people and carefully recording what they