CSB601 Exam
Which of the following drug classes is contraindicated in patients with significant hepatic
impairment, should be avoided during pregnancy, and requires caution when used in elderly
patients? (Loop diuretics, Thiasolidinedions, AVE inhibitors, Aldosterone Antagonist) - Answer
THIAZOLIDINEDIOINES: (e.g pioglitazone) are metabolised in the liver and are contraindicated in
significant hepatic impairment. they are avoided in pregnancy due to limited softy data and
require caution in elderly patients risk of fluid retention, heart failure and exacerbation and
fractures.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
(HFrEF)? (1. left ventricular ejection fraction, 2. impaired left ventricular relaxation, 3. inability
of the left ventricle to contract effectively 4. previous name as diastolic heart failure) - Answer
= inability of th left ventricle to contract effectively
Which drug combination adds sacubitril to the treatment regimen for heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction?
(1. Bisoprolol with carvedilol, 2. Furosemide with bumetanide, 3. Sacubitril with valsartan, 4.
Spironolactone with eplerenone) - Answer Sacubitril with valsartan: sacubitril is combined
with valsartan for form an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin (ARNI) used in HFrEF
Which class of medicines has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with Heart Failure
with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)?? (1. NSAIDs, 2. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel
blockers, 3. Evidence-based beta blockers, 4. Alpha backers - Answer = evidence-based bata
blockers: improve survival and reduce hospitalisation in HFrEF
What is the primary mechanism of action of bile acid binding resins in managing dyslipidemia?
(Increasing LDL receptor expression, Enhancing triglyceride synthesis, Inhibiting cholesterol
absorption, Sequestering bile acids in the intestine) - Answer Sequestering bile acids in the
intestine: Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) bind to bile acids in the intestine and inhibit their
absorption. Bile acids are derived from cholesterol and increased bile excretion significantly
lowers the cholesterol content of the body.
What is the primary target of lipid-modifying therapy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular
disease (CVD)? - Answer Lowering LDL cholesterol levels
How does Digoxin work - Answer Digoxin works by slowing heart rate and decreasing AV nodal
conduction by an increasing vagal tone and a decereasing sympathetic activity
Although no antiarrhythmic drug is completely safe during pregnancy. Which of the following
drugs should be avoided in pregnant patients due to its potential adverse effects on the fetus? -
Answer Amiodarone is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects.
Which of the following drug classes is contraindicated in patients with significant hepatic
impairment, should be avoided during pregnancy, and requires caution when used in elderly
patients? (Loop diuretics, Thiasolidinedions, AVE inhibitors, Aldosterone Antagonist) - Answer
THIAZOLIDINEDIOINES: (e.g pioglitazone) are metabolised in the liver and are contraindicated in
significant hepatic impairment. they are avoided in pregnancy due to limited softy data and
require caution in elderly patients risk of fluid retention, heart failure and exacerbation and
fractures.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
(HFrEF)? (1. left ventricular ejection fraction, 2. impaired left ventricular relaxation, 3. inability
of the left ventricle to contract effectively 4. previous name as diastolic heart failure) - Answer
= inability of th left ventricle to contract effectively
Which drug combination adds sacubitril to the treatment regimen for heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction?
(1. Bisoprolol with carvedilol, 2. Furosemide with bumetanide, 3. Sacubitril with valsartan, 4.
Spironolactone with eplerenone) - Answer Sacubitril with valsartan: sacubitril is combined
with valsartan for form an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin (ARNI) used in HFrEF
Which class of medicines has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with Heart Failure
with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)?? (1. NSAIDs, 2. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel
blockers, 3. Evidence-based beta blockers, 4. Alpha backers - Answer = evidence-based bata
blockers: improve survival and reduce hospitalisation in HFrEF
What is the primary mechanism of action of bile acid binding resins in managing dyslipidemia?
(Increasing LDL receptor expression, Enhancing triglyceride synthesis, Inhibiting cholesterol
absorption, Sequestering bile acids in the intestine) - Answer Sequestering bile acids in the
intestine: Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) bind to bile acids in the intestine and inhibit their
absorption. Bile acids are derived from cholesterol and increased bile excretion significantly
lowers the cholesterol content of the body.
What is the primary target of lipid-modifying therapy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular
disease (CVD)? - Answer Lowering LDL cholesterol levels
How does Digoxin work - Answer Digoxin works by slowing heart rate and decreasing AV nodal
conduction by an increasing vagal tone and a decereasing sympathetic activity
Although no antiarrhythmic drug is completely safe during pregnancy. Which of the following
drugs should be avoided in pregnant patients due to its potential adverse effects on the fetus? -
Answer Amiodarone is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects.
