Study Guide for HLTH 230 - Fully Solved and Verified

Study Guide for HLTH 230 - Fully Solved and Verified What is nutrition? - answer - The study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food. What dies diet mean? - answer - The foods (including beverages) that a person usually eats and drinks. What is malnutrition? - answer - Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients. What is undernutrition? - answer - nutrient or energy deficiencies What is overnutrition? - answer - nutrient or energy excesses Only 2 common lifestyle habits have more influence than diet, what are they? - answer - 1. smoking/ tobacco use 2. alcohol consumption what & what, along with diet influence the risk of getting chronic diseases? - answer - genetics & lifestyle What is chronic disease? - answer - long duration, degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the body organs Genetics & nutrients have varying effects in diseases (T or F). - answer - true What is an example of a disease which is only hereditary? - answer - sickle cell disease What is an example of a type of disease which is influenced only by diet? - answer - vitamin deficiencies What is an example of a disease which is influenced by both genetics & diet? - answer - hypertension (high blood pressure) What is nutritional genomics? - answer - The study of how nutrients influence gene activity & how gene activity influence nutrients Name the 7 factors which influence ones health. - answer - 1. tobacco use 2. alcohol use 3. substance abuse 4. physical activity 5. sleep 6. stress 7. working/ home conditions What is energy? - answer - the capacity to do work Where does energy come from? - answer - the energy that fuels the human body comes directly from the sun via plants What is food energy? - answer - energy which comes from food. Is measured in kcalories (equivalent to calories) What are calories? - answer - units which energy's measured What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - answer - 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water What are macronutrients? Name them. - answer - nutrients which are needed in large amounts (carbohydrates, protein, fat, and water) What are micronutrients? Name them. - answer - nutrients which are required in small amounts (vitamins & minerals) What are essential nutrients? - answer - nutrients a person must obtain from food because sufficient amounts cannot be made by the body What are inorganic nutrients? Name them. - answer - nutrients that contain no carbon (water & minerals) What are organic nutrients? Name them. - answer - nutrients that contain carbon (carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and vitamins) What are the energy yielding nutrients? - answer - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Alcohol is not a nutrient and is not energy yielding (T or F) - answer - False (it is not a nutrient however, it is energy yielding) What are fortified foods? - answer - foods with nutrients added to them (ex. added calcium in orange juice) What are natural foods? - answer - has no definition but, often used in ads What are super foods? - answer - has no definition but, often used in fads What are processed foods? - answer - foods that have been changed in any way (changed in texture, taste, etc.) Processed foods can be nutritious (T or F) - answer - true (however, Canadas food guide recommends limiting processed foods) What does nutraceutical mean? - answer - used to describe a product that has been isolated from foods, often sold in pill form (ex. cranberry pills) What are staple foods? - answer - foods used frequently or daily "all foods were once fresh, now many are processed" (T or F) - answer - True What are the 5 key components to a healthy diet? - answer - 1. adequacy 2. balance 3. calorie-control 4. moderation 5. variety What is adequacy in terms of a healthy diet? - answer - consuming all of the esse