Physi Science 100 Midterm Study Guide 2026 - Complete Verified Answer Set

Physi Science 100 Midterm Study Guide 2026 - Complete Verified Answer Set 1. 4 sources of knowledge - answer - reason sensory data intuition authority 1. 6 self-evident truths - answer - causality existence occam's razor noncontradiction position symmetry time symmetry` 1. Causality - answer - things happen on the basis of physical laws due to interaction with other objects. If one thing affects another, it must precede the other thing in time. 1. Occam's Razor - answer - if there are two ways of explaining something equaly well, the simplest one will be accepted over a more complicated one. 1. Position symmetry - answer - physical laws do not depend on where an observations is made 1. Time Symmetry - answer - physical laws are the same now as they have been in the past and will continue to be the same in the future 1. Scientist: Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle - answer - 500-300 B.C. Relied heavily on reason. Sensory data not trusted. Geocentric model of Universe. 1. Scientist: Aquinas - answer - 1200 A.D. Relied heavily on authority. Geocentric model of the universe. 1. Scientist: Newton - answer - 1600 A.D. Relied on sensory data. Introduced Heliocentric model. (sun = center) 1. Scientist: Copernicus Galileo - answer - 1700 A.D. Relied on sensory data. Introduced numerous mathematical models 2. 4 basic forces in nature - answer - strong force, electromagnetic force, weak force, gravity 2. Strong force - answer - short range, nuclear force, responsible for the binding of nucleus together (affects nucleus only / neutrons and protons) 2. electromagnetic force - answer - responsible for binding atoms and molecules as structures 2. weak force - answer - different than the other 3... not directly associated with binding together the common structures of the universe 2. gravity - answer - gives rise to the weakest of the fundamental forces. responsible for binding structures such as the solar system and galaxies 2. particles (small to large) - answer - quarks (charged particles, each carrying a positive or negative charge out of 3) Nucleons = three quarks with strong force Nucleus = clumps of nucleons Atoms = nucleus + electrons Molecule / Element Earth Solar System Galaxy Cluster 2. Elementary particles... - answer - may have mass & do have a zero size 2. Contained in our solar system... - answer - comets asteroids sun planets 2. Force holding nucleus of oxygen nucleus together - answer - Strong force 2. force a table exerts on a book to keep it on top of the table - answer - electromagnetic - on amicroscopic sclae, the electrons surrounding the atoms in the table repel those surrounding the atoms in the book. the distances are too great for the strong or weark force to affect things. Gravity is attractive not repulsive 2. when a glass rod is rubbed with rubber, the rod becomes positively charged b/c/// - answer - electrons are transferred from glass to rubber 3. Newton's 1st law of motion - answer - every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line with unchanging speed, unless compelled to do so otherwise by forces acting upon it 3. Uniform motion: - answer - constant direction and speed (not an orbit) 3. acceleration - answer - increasing speed, decreasing speed, changing direction. caused by force 3. bicycle collides with moving car, the acceleration the bicycle experiences is... - answer - much greater than that of the car 3. Force - answer - push or pull exerted on one object by another. causes acceleration (force increase = acceleration increase) 3. Net force - answer - sum of all forces acting on an object. if mass is increased for a given net force, the acceleration will decrease 3. mass - answer - the property of objects that determines how much they accelerate in response to applied forces 3. velocity - answer - speed and direction 3. Newton's 2nd Law of motion - answer - forces cause objects to accelerate, acceleration = net force / mass, net force = mas