Final Exam Nursing 160 - Complete Solutions Updated

Final Exam Nursing 160 - Complete Solutions Updated active aging - answer - the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age transcendent wisdom vs practical wisdom - answer - 1. transcendent wisdom focuses on existential concerns & self-knowledge that allows individual to transcend subjectivity 2. Practical wisdom emphasizes good judgement and capacity to resolve complex human problems How is Dementia Categorized - answer - memory loss, personality changes and deterioration in intellectual functioning that affects every aspect of a persons life functional status - answer - broad range of purposeful abilities related to physical health maintenance, role performance, cognitive or intellectual abilities, social activities and level of emotional functioning. *Important determinant of ability to live independantly active vs passive neglect (in terms of elder abuse) - answer - -Active neglect is deliberate - Passive neglect occurs when clients lack properly supervised care or essential supports 4 areas for health promotion of elderly - answer - -Fall prevention -adequate nutrition -socialization -medication management Delirium - answer - -Acute -short term, resolves with identification of cause and treatment-intervals of lucidity and confusion -disoriented to time and place but not person -Gross perception distortions, illusions, hallucination -Incoherent speech/ disorganized thought -Underlying medical cause (toxicity, fever, drugs, tumor, infection) Dementia - answer - -Occurs over months/years, progresses slowly -Gradual, progressive and irreversible -inability to recognize familiar people or objects -loss of memory, prone to hallucinations, difficulty with speech -Degenerative disorder associated with age, cardiovascular deficits, substance dependence Depression - answer - -Occurs relatively rapid (over weeks to months) -Episodic symptoms, coincides with losses -Reccurent symptoms, resolves with treatment -Selective disorientation/impairement -Negative themes in speech and thought -Lack of motivation Apraxia - answer - the loss of the ability to take purposeful action even when the muscles, senses and vocabulary seem intact (common in dementia) How to help older adults with short term memory impairment - answer - -suggest missing/forgotten words -check with client that interpretation is accurate what not to do when communicating with dementia clients - answer - -don't argue or reason. Use distraction -avoid confrontation -don't use slang, jargon or abstract terms -if attention lapses, don't persist -don't focus on difficult behaviour, look for underlying anxiety and redirect -avoid hand restraints if at all possile -avoid small objects which could be a choking hazard Touch with Dementia Clients - answer - can anchor an axious/disoriented person, be used to acknowledge a client's stress, calm an agitated client or provide a sense of security -Most dementia clients appreciate use of touch, But not all validation therapy - answer - therapeutic communication used in later stages of dimentia, asks the client to relay meaning of people/places as opposed to facts they cannot recall catastrophic reactions - answer - older adults with memory loss version of tempertantrum -occurs from stimulus in environment (fatigue, multiple demands, overstimulation, misinterpretations etc) -warning signs: body stiffening, vrbal or non verbal refusals & general uncooperativeness 5 stage model for dealing with loss (Kubler-Ross) - answer - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance Lindemanns 3 components of support - answer - 1. open empathetic communication 2. honesty 3. tolerance of emotional expression as being important in grieving Engel's 3 sequential phases of grief - answer - and disbelief (numb) 2. developing awarenesss phase (void created by loss enters consciousness) 3. Restitution phase (adaptation to a new life without decea