NU PATHO UNIT 5 KEY CONCEPTS AND
REVISION NOTES
◉ Gigantism
Answer: Excessive growth due to excessive production of growth
hormone
◉ Difference between acromegaly and gigantism
Answer: Gigantism affects infants and children; growth hormone
excess occurs prior to the closure of epiphyseal growth plates
Acromegaly affects adults; growth hormone excess occurs after
the closure of epiphyseal growth plates
◉ Adjuvant therapy
Answer: Drugs applied after the initial treatment
◉ The organelle that is involved in cellular respiration and is
linked to the
development of oxidative stress is known as the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi apparatus
c. lysosome
d. mitochondria
,Answer: Mitochondria
◉ Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and
function through the
process of:
a. differentiation
b. proliferation
c. endocytosis
d. exocytosis
Answer: Differentiation
◉ The cell's typical response to a decrease in trophic signal is:
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. phagocytosis
Answer: Atrophy
◉ Cell death by necrosis is:
a. the cell's way of replacing aged cells with new cells.
b. also known as programmed cell death.
c. often a response to inflammation.
d. commonly seen during the period of embryo development.
Answer: Often a response to inflammation
, ◉ You are caring for a female patient who has complained of a
noticeable
decrease in breast size and muscle mass. Which of the following
conditions
and causes is the most likely explanation?
a. Puberty
b. Pregnancy
c. Menopause
d. Acromegaly
Answer: Menopause
◉ The changes seen in cells adapting to stressors that promote
metaplasia:
a. are irreversible.
b. can result in cancer.
c. change from one cell type to another.
d. show abnormal differentiation
Answer: Change from one cell type to another
◉ Cellular atrophy results in
a. increase in tissue volume due to increase in cell number
b. increase in tissue volume due to increase in cell size
c. decrease in tissue volume due to decrease in cell size
REVISION NOTES
◉ Gigantism
Answer: Excessive growth due to excessive production of growth
hormone
◉ Difference between acromegaly and gigantism
Answer: Gigantism affects infants and children; growth hormone
excess occurs prior to the closure of epiphyseal growth plates
Acromegaly affects adults; growth hormone excess occurs after
the closure of epiphyseal growth plates
◉ Adjuvant therapy
Answer: Drugs applied after the initial treatment
◉ The organelle that is involved in cellular respiration and is
linked to the
development of oxidative stress is known as the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi apparatus
c. lysosome
d. mitochondria
,Answer: Mitochondria
◉ Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and
function through the
process of:
a. differentiation
b. proliferation
c. endocytosis
d. exocytosis
Answer: Differentiation
◉ The cell's typical response to a decrease in trophic signal is:
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. phagocytosis
Answer: Atrophy
◉ Cell death by necrosis is:
a. the cell's way of replacing aged cells with new cells.
b. also known as programmed cell death.
c. often a response to inflammation.
d. commonly seen during the period of embryo development.
Answer: Often a response to inflammation
, ◉ You are caring for a female patient who has complained of a
noticeable
decrease in breast size and muscle mass. Which of the following
conditions
and causes is the most likely explanation?
a. Puberty
b. Pregnancy
c. Menopause
d. Acromegaly
Answer: Menopause
◉ The changes seen in cells adapting to stressors that promote
metaplasia:
a. are irreversible.
b. can result in cancer.
c. change from one cell type to another.
d. show abnormal differentiation
Answer: Change from one cell type to another
◉ Cellular atrophy results in
a. increase in tissue volume due to increase in cell number
b. increase in tissue volume due to increase in cell size
c. decrease in tissue volume due to decrease in cell size
