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10/27/2026,
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Principles of learning
A teacher introduces multiplying two-digit numbers by breaking down each step during
whole-class instruction. Three students continue to struggle after four days of instruction
and practice. The teacher provides three additional days of small-group instruction to
the students, who are then able to be successful independently. Which of the following
learning theories does this best represent?
A. Zone of proximal development
B. Transfer
C. Classical conditioning
D. Metacognition - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Zone of proximal development
The zone of proximal development means that the students receive additional coaching
and scaffolding from the teacher to be successful in mastering a task.
At the end of a unit of study, students refer back to a KWL chart they started to fill out at
the beginning of the unit. By reflecting on what they have learned, students can
A. identify the learning objectives for the unit of study
B. determine actual progress to see if they reached their goals
C. activate prior knowledge and experiences using the content
D. prepare for new information they will be learning - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
determine actual progress to see if they reached their goal
Reflecting on the KWL chart allows students to determine actual progress toward goals.
Which of the following assessments can a teacher use to best determine whether a
student is reading on grade level?
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10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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A. Aptitude test
B. Ability test
C. Achievement test
D. Unit test - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Achievement test
Achievement tests measure mastery of skills, so a teacher can use the results of the
test to determine whether the student is on grade level.
A teacher asks her class, "How did people measure length before they had rulers?"
Students work in groups to brainstorm ideas, such as using their hands and feet. The
teacher's question best exemplifies which of the following theories?
A. Pragmatism
B. Cognitivism
C. Behaviorism
D. Constructivism - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Constructivism
The teacher uses constructivism to pose a question and help students find their own
answers. Students came to the learning situation with already-formulated knowledge on
measurement. Their previous knowledge will help them understand the new knowledge
they will create.
Which of the following examples best represents analytical scoring on an essay?
A. Giving a numerical grade of 87%
B. Rating the work as 4 out of 5 using a rubric
C. Assigning a B for content and an A for mechanics
D. Providing general comments such as "insightful" - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Assigning a B for content and an A for mechanics
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10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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Analytical scoring requires that an essay be evaluated in parts, rather than just as a
whole.
A third-grade teacher observes that a student has trouble remembering information and
following directions that are presented orally. The student also has difficulty focusing in
loud environments. Which of the following best describes the probable area of
exceptionality this student demonstrates?
A. Behavioral
B. Visual
C. Speech/language
D. Auditory - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Auditory
The student's difficulty remembering information and trouble following directions reflect
an auditory-processing problem.
Which of the following findings about bullying is best supported by research?
A. No gender difference exists between bullying by girls and bullying by boys.
B. Boys are more likely than girls to bully others and use physical aggression.
C. Girls are more likely than boys to bully others and use physical aggression.
D. Boys and girls are equally likely to bully others and use physical aggression. -
CORRECT ANSWER-B. Boys are more likely than girls to bully others and use physical
aggression.
Research about bullying consistently shows that boys are more likely to bully others and
to use physical aggression.
Place the behavioral theorist's name next to the classroom practice that best
implements his theory.
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10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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Watson
Maslow
Thorndike
Erikson
1. Students are given assignments on the basis of their ability levels and provided with
frequent opportunities for success.
2. Students are encouraged to eat if hungry, provided with a safe environment, and
made to feel accepted in the classroom.
3. Students are given a reward for positive behavior and academic success and a
consequence for negative behavior and lack of academic progress.
4. Students are assessed and encouraged to work at their own pace as they are
introduced to new information one step at a time. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Erikson
2. Maslow
3. Watson
4. Thorndike
Erikson's stages place elementary age students in the industry versus inferiority stage,
which says that to encourage industry, students need to feel successful and work at
their level.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with basic physiological needs—food and shelter,
then safety, followed by a feeling of belonging.
Watson's theories center around reward and punishment (positive and negative
reinforcement).
Thorndike's theories center on the law of effect, which says that "when a connection
between a stimulus and a response is positively rewarded it will be strengthened, and
that the more the stimulus-response bond is practiced, the stronger it becomes. By
teaching new information in small steps and providing quick and timely assessments for
students, the teacher is using the "Law of Effect" to increase student success and
understanding.
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)))))(@)(*@U*(Principles
10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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Principles of learning
A teacher introduces multiplying two-digit numbers by breaking down each step during
whole-class instruction. Three students continue to struggle after four days of instruction
and practice. The teacher provides three additional days of small-group instruction to
the students, who are then able to be successful independently. Which of the following
learning theories does this best represent?
A. Zone of proximal development
B. Transfer
C. Classical conditioning
D. Metacognition - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Zone of proximal development
The zone of proximal development means that the students receive additional coaching
and scaffolding from the teacher to be successful in mastering a task.
At the end of a unit of study, students refer back to a KWL chart they started to fill out at
the beginning of the unit. By reflecting on what they have learned, students can
A. identify the learning objectives for the unit of study
B. determine actual progress to see if they reached their goals
C. activate prior knowledge and experiences using the content
D. prepare for new information they will be learning - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
determine actual progress to see if they reached their goal
Reflecting on the KWL chart allows students to determine actual progress toward goals.
Which of the following assessments can a teacher use to best determine whether a
student is reading on grade level?
earning10/27/2026,
)))))(@)(*@U*(Principles
10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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A. Aptitude test
B. Ability test
C. Achievement test
D. Unit test - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Achievement test
Achievement tests measure mastery of skills, so a teacher can use the results of the
test to determine whether the student is on grade level.
A teacher asks her class, "How did people measure length before they had rulers?"
Students work in groups to brainstorm ideas, such as using their hands and feet. The
teacher's question best exemplifies which of the following theories?
A. Pragmatism
B. Cognitivism
C. Behaviorism
D. Constructivism - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Constructivism
The teacher uses constructivism to pose a question and help students find their own
answers. Students came to the learning situation with already-formulated knowledge on
measurement. Their previous knowledge will help them understand the new knowledge
they will create.
Which of the following examples best represents analytical scoring on an essay?
A. Giving a numerical grade of 87%
B. Rating the work as 4 out of 5 using a rubric
C. Assigning a B for content and an A for mechanics
D. Providing general comments such as "insightful" - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Assigning a B for content and an A for mechanics
earning10/27/2026,
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10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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Analytical scoring requires that an essay be evaluated in parts, rather than just as a
whole.
A third-grade teacher observes that a student has trouble remembering information and
following directions that are presented orally. The student also has difficulty focusing in
loud environments. Which of the following best describes the probable area of
exceptionality this student demonstrates?
A. Behavioral
B. Visual
C. Speech/language
D. Auditory - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Auditory
The student's difficulty remembering information and trouble following directions reflect
an auditory-processing problem.
Which of the following findings about bullying is best supported by research?
A. No gender difference exists between bullying by girls and bullying by boys.
B. Boys are more likely than girls to bully others and use physical aggression.
C. Girls are more likely than boys to bully others and use physical aggression.
D. Boys and girls are equally likely to bully others and use physical aggression. -
CORRECT ANSWER-B. Boys are more likely than girls to bully others and use physical
aggression.
Research about bullying consistently shows that boys are more likely to bully others and
to use physical aggression.
Place the behavioral theorist's name next to the classroom practice that best
implements his theory.
earning10/27/2026,
)))))(@)(*@U*(Principles
10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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Watson
Maslow
Thorndike
Erikson
1. Students are given assignments on the basis of their ability levels and provided with
frequent opportunities for success.
2. Students are encouraged to eat if hungry, provided with a safe environment, and
made to feel accepted in the classroom.
3. Students are given a reward for positive behavior and academic success and a
consequence for negative behavior and lack of academic progress.
4. Students are assessed and encouraged to work at their own pace as they are
introduced to new information one step at a time. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Erikson
2. Maslow
3. Watson
4. Thorndike
Erikson's stages place elementary age students in the industry versus inferiority stage,
which says that to encourage industry, students need to feel successful and work at
their level.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with basic physiological needs—food and shelter,
then safety, followed by a feeling of belonging.
Watson's theories center around reward and punishment (positive and negative
reinforcement).
Thorndike's theories center on the law of effect, which says that "when a connection
between a stimulus and a response is positively rewarded it will be strengthened, and
that the more the stimulus-response bond is practiced, the stronger it becomes. By
teaching new information in small steps and providing quick and timely assessments for
students, the teacher is using the "Law of Effect" to increase student success and
understanding.
earning10/27/2026,
)))))(@)(*@U*(Principles
10/27/2026,
3:41:20
4:25:30
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