,BIOL 102 Module 3 | Essential Biology II w/Lab
Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. The part of a neuron that receives incoming signals and conducts them toward
the cell body is the:
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Axon terminal
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions that receive synaptic inputs and
carry graded potentials toward the soma. The axon conducts action potentials
away from the cell body, the axon terminal releases neurotransmitter, and the
myelin sheath insulates the axon to speed conduction.
2. What is the primary role of the axon in a neuron?
A) To conduct action potentials away from the cell body
B) To receive synaptic inputs
C) To store genetic information
D) To produce myelin
Correct Answer: To conduct action potentials away from the cell body
,Rationale: The axon is a single, often long process that transmits action
potentials from the axon hillock to the axon terminals. Dendrites receive inputs,
the nucleus stores genetic information, and oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells
produce myelin rather than the axon itself.
3. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by which cells?
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) Microglial cells
Correct Answer: Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral axons to form the myelin
sheath, which increases conduction velocity. Oligodendrocytes myelinate central
axons, astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment, and microglia are
immune cells.
4. Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous
system?
A) Schwann cells
B) Ependymal cells
C) Satellite cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer: Oligodendrocytes
, Rationale: Oligodendrocytes extend processes that wrap around multiple central
axons, forming myelin. Schwann cells myelinate peripheral axons, ependymal cells
line ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid, and satellite cells surround
peripheral ganglia.
5. A neuron with one dendrite and one axon extending from the cell body is
classified as:
A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Unipolar
D) Anaxonic
Correct Answer: Bipolar
Rationale: Bipolar neurons have two processes—one dendrite and one axon—and
are found in special sensory pathways such as the retina. Multipolar neurons have
many dendrites, unipolar neurons have a single fused process, and anaxonic
neurons lack a distinct axon.
6. Which neuronal classification carries signals from the central nervous system to
muscles or glands?
A) Sensory neuron
B) Motor neuron
C) Interneuron
D) Afferent neuron
Correct Answer: Motor neuron
Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. The part of a neuron that receives incoming signals and conducts them toward
the cell body is the:
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Axon terminal
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions that receive synaptic inputs and
carry graded potentials toward the soma. The axon conducts action potentials
away from the cell body, the axon terminal releases neurotransmitter, and the
myelin sheath insulates the axon to speed conduction.
2. What is the primary role of the axon in a neuron?
A) To conduct action potentials away from the cell body
B) To receive synaptic inputs
C) To store genetic information
D) To produce myelin
Correct Answer: To conduct action potentials away from the cell body
,Rationale: The axon is a single, often long process that transmits action
potentials from the axon hillock to the axon terminals. Dendrites receive inputs,
the nucleus stores genetic information, and oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells
produce myelin rather than the axon itself.
3. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by which cells?
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) Microglial cells
Correct Answer: Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral axons to form the myelin
sheath, which increases conduction velocity. Oligodendrocytes myelinate central
axons, astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment, and microglia are
immune cells.
4. Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous
system?
A) Schwann cells
B) Ependymal cells
C) Satellite cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer: Oligodendrocytes
, Rationale: Oligodendrocytes extend processes that wrap around multiple central
axons, forming myelin. Schwann cells myelinate peripheral axons, ependymal cells
line ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid, and satellite cells surround
peripheral ganglia.
5. A neuron with one dendrite and one axon extending from the cell body is
classified as:
A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Unipolar
D) Anaxonic
Correct Answer: Bipolar
Rationale: Bipolar neurons have two processes—one dendrite and one axon—and
are found in special sensory pathways such as the retina. Multipolar neurons have
many dendrites, unipolar neurons have a single fused process, and anaxonic
neurons lack a distinct axon.
6. Which neuronal classification carries signals from the central nervous system to
muscles or glands?
A) Sensory neuron
B) Motor neuron
C) Interneuron
D) Afferent neuron
Correct Answer: Motor neuron
