,Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section A: Multiple Choice — Questions 1–55
1. The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries.
Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which
determination?
A. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.
B. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.
C. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.
D. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.
Answer: A
Rationale: Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant mortality
among nations with a population of at least 25 million .
2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?
A. Congenital anomalies
B. Sudden infant death syndrome
C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
D. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year .
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?
A. Cancer
B. Heart disease
C. Unintentional injuries
D. Congenital anomalies
Answer: C
Rationale: Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through
adolescence .
4. Which factor most impacts the type of injury a child is susceptible to, according to the child's age?
A. Physical health of the child
B. Developmental level of the child
C. Educational level of the child
D. Number of responsible adults in the home
Answer: B
Rationale: The child's developmental stage determines the type of injury that is likely to occur .
,5. A nurse on a pediatric unit is practicing family-centered care. Which is most descriptive of the care the
nurse is delivering?
A. Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family
B. Encouraging family dependence on health care systems
C. Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life
D. Excluding families from the decision-making process
Answer: C
Rationale: Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life, with respect,
collaboration, and support as key components .
6. Which intervention would the nurse include when providing atraumatic care?
A. Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a video
B. Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure
C. Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization
D. Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure
Answer: B
Rationale: Preparing the child before unfamiliar treatments is a key component of atraumatic care .
7. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to
ensure atraumatic care?
A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications.
D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to
be effective.
Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the child a choice of juice provides a sense of control, which is a principle of
atraumatic care .
8. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship?
A. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
B. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
C. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient.
D. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's dependence on health care
providers.
Answer: B
Rationale: Criticizing parents during shift report is nontherapeutic and shows under-involvement .
, 9. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive
characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
A. Preschool
B. Young school age
C. Middle school age
D. Adolescence
Answer: A
Rationale: Preschool children have magical and egocentric thinking, meaning they cannot comprehend
danger to self or others .
10. Which second-leading cause of death topic would the nurse emphasize to a group of boys ranging in
age from 15 to 19 years?
A. Suicide
B. Cancer
C. Homicide
D. Occupational injuries
Answer: C
Rationale: Firearm homicide is the second overall cause of death in this age group .
11. A nurse is applying the principles of family-centered care when caring for a hospitalized child. Which
action best demonstrates this approach?
A. Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family
B. Encouraging family dependence on health care systems
C. Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life
D. Excluding families from the decision-making process
Answer: C
Rationale: Recognizing the family as the constant is a core principle of family-centered care .
12. Which information is most important to ask at the time of admission?
A. "Are there any pets in the household?"
B. "Is anyone else in the household ill?"
C. "Are the immunizations up to date?"
D. "Has the child had a recent injury?"
Answer: C
Rationale: Immunizations are one of two public health interventions with the greatest impact on world
health; nurses should review records at every visit .
Section A: Multiple Choice — Questions 1–55
1. The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries.
Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which
determination?
A. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.
B. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.
C. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.
D. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.
Answer: A
Rationale: Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant mortality
among nations with a population of at least 25 million .
2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?
A. Congenital anomalies
B. Sudden infant death syndrome
C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
D. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year .
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?
A. Cancer
B. Heart disease
C. Unintentional injuries
D. Congenital anomalies
Answer: C
Rationale: Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through
adolescence .
4. Which factor most impacts the type of injury a child is susceptible to, according to the child's age?
A. Physical health of the child
B. Developmental level of the child
C. Educational level of the child
D. Number of responsible adults in the home
Answer: B
Rationale: The child's developmental stage determines the type of injury that is likely to occur .
,5. A nurse on a pediatric unit is practicing family-centered care. Which is most descriptive of the care the
nurse is delivering?
A. Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family
B. Encouraging family dependence on health care systems
C. Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life
D. Excluding families from the decision-making process
Answer: C
Rationale: Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life, with respect,
collaboration, and support as key components .
6. Which intervention would the nurse include when providing atraumatic care?
A. Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a video
B. Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure
C. Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization
D. Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure
Answer: B
Rationale: Preparing the child before unfamiliar treatments is a key component of atraumatic care .
7. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to
ensure atraumatic care?
A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications.
D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to
be effective.
Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the child a choice of juice provides a sense of control, which is a principle of
atraumatic care .
8. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship?
A. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
B. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
C. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient.
D. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's dependence on health care
providers.
Answer: B
Rationale: Criticizing parents during shift report is nontherapeutic and shows under-involvement .
, 9. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive
characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
A. Preschool
B. Young school age
C. Middle school age
D. Adolescence
Answer: A
Rationale: Preschool children have magical and egocentric thinking, meaning they cannot comprehend
danger to self or others .
10. Which second-leading cause of death topic would the nurse emphasize to a group of boys ranging in
age from 15 to 19 years?
A. Suicide
B. Cancer
C. Homicide
D. Occupational injuries
Answer: C
Rationale: Firearm homicide is the second overall cause of death in this age group .
11. A nurse is applying the principles of family-centered care when caring for a hospitalized child. Which
action best demonstrates this approach?
A. Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family
B. Encouraging family dependence on health care systems
C. Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life
D. Excluding families from the decision-making process
Answer: C
Rationale: Recognizing the family as the constant is a core principle of family-centered care .
12. Which information is most important to ask at the time of admission?
A. "Are there any pets in the household?"
B. "Is anyone else in the household ill?"
C. "Are the immunizations up to date?"
D. "Has the child had a recent injury?"
Answer: C
Rationale: Immunizations are one of two public health interventions with the greatest impact on world
health; nurses should review records at every visit .
