ANAT 380 Exam Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the tho-
Diaphragm
racic and abdominal cavities
Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage and the
Peripheral muscular fibres
lumbar vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from
Right crus the anterolateral surface of the upper three lumbar verte-
brae
Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from
Left crus the anterolateral surface of the upper two lumbar verte-
brae
Apertures of the Diaphragm Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic hiatus
Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at
Caval opening
the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between
Aortic hiatus
the left and right crus, anterior to T12
Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping
Intercostal muscles to form the chest wall. Twisting and reaching upward my
result in strain or tear.
Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower border of the
External intercostal muscles
rib.
Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper border of the
Internal intercostal muscles
rib.
Manubrium Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
, ANAT 380 Exam Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Xiphoid process Most inferior portion of the sternum
Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house the
Vertebral arch and body
spinal cord
Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve
Pedicle
exits the vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body Attachment site for muscles and ligaments of the spine
Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus fibro-
Intervertebral discs sis and central nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers
and allow for some minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive
Nucleus pulposus
force
Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and
Ribs (function)
vessels are located
Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity
Ribs (location)
containing the heart, lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall; located
Internal thoracic arteries
lateral to the sternum
Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass around the
thoracic wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an
Anterior intercostal arteries
anastomosis (direct connection) with posterior intercostal
arteries
Branches ott the thoracic aorta; travel anteriorly to anas-
Posterior intercostal arteries
tomose with the anterior intercostal arteries
, Subcostal arteries Run inferior to the costal margin
Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the in-
Intercostal nerves 1-6
tercostal muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
Intercostal nerves 7-12 Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying skin
Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innerva-
Phrenic nerve tion to the diaphragm, and carry sensory innervation to
the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic
Heart (location)
cage
Apex Inferior tip of the heart
Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great
Pericardium
vessels entering and leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right common
Brachiocephalic artery
carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm;
Left subclavian artery
gives rise to the left internal thoracic artery
Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of the neck
Left common carotid artery
and face
Right subclavian artery Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses
, Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries; supplies
the heart organ itself
Pleural recess found between the costal and mediastinal
Costomediastinal recess parietal pleura; left is larger than the right because it
overlies the heart
Pleural recess between the costal and diaphragmatic
Costodiaphragmatic recess
pleura, below the inferior part of the lungs.
Parietal pleura (innervation) Intercostal and phrenic nerves
Depression, centred in the medial surface of the lung,
Hilum
where structures enter and exit
Collection of structures that enter and exit the lungs, con-
Root of the lungs
necting the lungs to the trachea and the heart
Brachiocephalic veins Drain into the superior vena cava
Carries blood from the right posterior intercostal veins to
Azygos vein
drain into the superior vena cava
(Accessory) Hemiazygos vein Drains the left posterior intercostal veins, located
Right posterior hemiazygos vein Drains directly into the azygos vein
Right bronchial veins Remove deoxygenated blood from the lungs
Drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, thorax,
Thoracic duct
upper limb, and all of the structures below the diaphragm
Drains lymph from the right side of the head and neck,
Right lymphatic duct
thorax, and right limb
Pulmonary lymph nodes Located on the bronchioles
Located at the end of the bronchi as they diverge into
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes
bronchioles
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Located where the trachea diverge into bronchi
Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the tho-
Diaphragm
racic and abdominal cavities
Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage and the
Peripheral muscular fibres
lumbar vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from
Right crus the anterolateral surface of the upper three lumbar verte-
brae
Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from
Left crus the anterolateral surface of the upper two lumbar verte-
brae
Apertures of the Diaphragm Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic hiatus
Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at
Caval opening
the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between
Aortic hiatus
the left and right crus, anterior to T12
Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping
Intercostal muscles to form the chest wall. Twisting and reaching upward my
result in strain or tear.
Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower border of the
External intercostal muscles
rib.
Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper border of the
Internal intercostal muscles
rib.
Manubrium Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
, ANAT 380 Exam Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Xiphoid process Most inferior portion of the sternum
Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house the
Vertebral arch and body
spinal cord
Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve
Pedicle
exits the vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body Attachment site for muscles and ligaments of the spine
Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus fibro-
Intervertebral discs sis and central nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers
and allow for some minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive
Nucleus pulposus
force
Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and
Ribs (function)
vessels are located
Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity
Ribs (location)
containing the heart, lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall; located
Internal thoracic arteries
lateral to the sternum
Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass around the
thoracic wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an
Anterior intercostal arteries
anastomosis (direct connection) with posterior intercostal
arteries
Branches ott the thoracic aorta; travel anteriorly to anas-
Posterior intercostal arteries
tomose with the anterior intercostal arteries
, Subcostal arteries Run inferior to the costal margin
Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the in-
Intercostal nerves 1-6
tercostal muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
Intercostal nerves 7-12 Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying skin
Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innerva-
Phrenic nerve tion to the diaphragm, and carry sensory innervation to
the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic
Heart (location)
cage
Apex Inferior tip of the heart
Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great
Pericardium
vessels entering and leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right common
Brachiocephalic artery
carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm;
Left subclavian artery
gives rise to the left internal thoracic artery
Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of the neck
Left common carotid artery
and face
Right subclavian artery Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses
, Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries; supplies
the heart organ itself
Pleural recess found between the costal and mediastinal
Costomediastinal recess parietal pleura; left is larger than the right because it
overlies the heart
Pleural recess between the costal and diaphragmatic
Costodiaphragmatic recess
pleura, below the inferior part of the lungs.
Parietal pleura (innervation) Intercostal and phrenic nerves
Depression, centred in the medial surface of the lung,
Hilum
where structures enter and exit
Collection of structures that enter and exit the lungs, con-
Root of the lungs
necting the lungs to the trachea and the heart
Brachiocephalic veins Drain into the superior vena cava
Carries blood from the right posterior intercostal veins to
Azygos vein
drain into the superior vena cava
(Accessory) Hemiazygos vein Drains the left posterior intercostal veins, located
Right posterior hemiazygos vein Drains directly into the azygos vein
Right bronchial veins Remove deoxygenated blood from the lungs
Drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, thorax,
Thoracic duct
upper limb, and all of the structures below the diaphragm
Drains lymph from the right side of the head and neck,
Right lymphatic duct
thorax, and right limb
Pulmonary lymph nodes Located on the bronchioles
Located at the end of the bronchi as they diverge into
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes
bronchioles
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Located where the trachea diverge into bronchi
