NSG 3500 - Exam 4 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Answer:
When is the APGAR score assigned? At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
What are
When theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. HR
At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Question: Answer:
2. RR
3. muscle tone
What
Whenare theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. AtHR 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
3. muscle tone
What are
When theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. HR
At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5. Truegeneralized skin color (coloring)
3. muscle tone
What
When are the
is the
to stabilize five
APGAR
the categories
infantscore of the
assigned?
than keep APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? At 1. HR 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True 5. generalized skin color (coloring)
Question: Answer:3. muscle tone
What
When
to are
does the
is the
stabilize five
APGAR
each
the categories
score
APGAR
infant of mean?
thanscore
keep the
assigned?APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? 1. >7HR
At =1 and
normal5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. 4-6 RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
3. <3HRmuscle
= criticaltone
What
When
to are
does the
is the
stabilize five
APGAR
each
the categories
score
APGAR
infant of mean?
thanscore
keep the
assigned?APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? At
>7 1. =1 and
normal5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
4-6 2. RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5. True generalized skin color (coloring)
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first <3 3. muscle
Chemical
= criticaltone
factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What
to are
does the
stabilize five
each
the categories
APGAR
infant thanscoreof mean?
keep the APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? 1. >7HR = normal
Question:
breath? Answer: 4. reflex factors:
Sensory irritability (cry)
overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
2. 4-6 RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True 5. generalized
Thermal factors:skin colorchange
drastic (coloring)
in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first 3. <3 muscle
Chemical = criticaltone
factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What
to does each
stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? >7 = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? 4.
Sensory reflex factors:
irritability (cry)
overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
4-6
with=air low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5.
Thermal Truegeneralized
factors:skin colorchange
drastic (coloring)
in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first Chemical
<3 = criticalfactors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What does each
to stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? >7
Mechanical = normal factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger 4-6
with =air
- hypoxialow causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
respirations? <3 Chemical
=
- carbon factors: levels
critical
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Question:
What
to does each
stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? Answer: >7 = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? Sensory
medulla factors:
to overwhelming
initiate breathing stimuli aids in transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger -with 4-6 =air
low causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
hypoxia
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
respirations? Chemical
->7 <3carbon
= criticalfactors: levels
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
What does each APGAR score mean? = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath?
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with Sensory
medulla5-15 factors:
seconds overwhelming
(approx 3 seconds stimuli
is aids
norm? in
P. transition
298)
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger 4-6 - hypoxia
with lowtocauses
=air initiate breathing
blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
any change Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are thein4skin
respirations?
color
factors or influence
that HR. How long are these
initiation of thepauses?
first <3 -Chemical
= critical
carbon factors: levels
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with
Periodic 5-15 Sensory
medulla factors:
seconds
to overwhelming
(approx
initiate 3 secondsstimuli
breathing aidsP.in298)
is norm? transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger with - hypoxiaair causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
What
any are indicatorscolor
change of respiratory difficulties
areinthese
the newborn? Thermal
- apnea (no factors: drasticfor
breathing change in temp
more than aids in transition
20 seconds)
What are thein4skin
respirations?
or influence
factors that HR. How long
initiation of thepauses?
first Chemical
- carbon dioxidefactors: levels
hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Mechanical
- expiratory factors:
gruntingthoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath?
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with Sensory
5-15 seconds
medulla factors: overwhelming
(approx
to initiate 3 seconds is norm? P.in298)
breathing stimuli aids transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger -with hypoxia
air causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
wheezing
Question:
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? Answer:
-Thermal apnea (no factors: drasticfor
breathing change in temp
more than aids in transition
20 seconds)
respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
nasal flaring
Mechanical
- expiratory factors: gruntingthoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15
medulla seconds
- hypoxia (approx
to initiate
retractions 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
breathing
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger with
- wheezing air causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea
use of (no breathing
accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2)
nasal flaring begin to rise at rest
and prompt the resp center within the
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15
--medulla seconds (approx 3 seconds
to initiate breathing
retractions is norm? P. 298)
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger hypoxia causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
wheezing
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? --- apnea
use of (no breathing
accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
respirations? carbon dioxide levels
nasal flaring (PCO2) begin to rise at rest
and prompt the resp center within the
- high
expiratory
-medulla RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds
- retractions to (approx
initiate 3 seconds
breathing is norm? P. 298)
Question: Answer:- wheezing
What are indicators
any change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
- retractions
- wheezing
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- high
expiratory
RR grunting
- retractions
- wheezing
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
- retractions
- wheezing
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- nasal flaring
- high RR
,respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
any change in skin color or HR. How long are these pauses?
Question: Answer:
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? - apnea (no breathing for more than 20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
Question: Answer:
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
What is the HR when baby is first born? -160-180
closureand then 30 min
of foramen later
ovale, it goes
DA, and DVto 120-160
Question: Answer:
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
The baby
What cannot
is the become
HR when babyhypoglycemic
is first born? from heat loss. T/F? False.
160-180
- closureand then 30 min
of foramen later
ovale, it goes
DA, and DVto 120-160
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
How
The
What do
baby newborns
cannot
is the HR whenrespond
become isto cold?
babyhypoglycemic
first born? from heat loss. T/F? They
False.
-160-180burn
closure ofbrown
and adipose
then 30
foramen min tissue
later
ovale, since
it goes
DA, and tothey
DV cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
Question: Answer:
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
What
How can
do
The baby
What the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? --160-180
They skin-to-skin
False. burn
closureand contact
ofbrown
then 30
foramen with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
ovale, and
it goes
DA, and warm
sincetothey
DV blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
- increased systemic pressure
newborn? - dry head and place cap on baby
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
The
What can
Howbaby
do the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? -False.
160-180skin-to-skin
They burn
- closureand contact
ofbrown
then 30
foramen with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
ovale, and
it goes
DA, and warm
sincetothey
DV blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
Question: Answer:
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? - dry head and place cap on baby
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How
The can
do
Whatbaby the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? -160-180
-They
False. skin-to-skin
keepburn contact
andbrown
then
newborn 30
away with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
from and warm
since
it goes
drafts tothey blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How
The cannewborns
do
baby the nurse
cannot do to regulate
respond
become temperature
to cold?
hypoglycemic in the
from heat loss. T/F? --False.
They skin-to-skin
burn contact
brown
keep newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and
drafts warm
since theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
Question: Answer:
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the - dry head
True
babies can and placetheir
regulate captemp
on baby
better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
umbilical cord clamping. - warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How docannewborns
the nurse do toT/F?
respondregulate temperature in the
to cold? --They skin-to-skin
keepburn contact
brown
newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and
drafts warm
since theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True dry head and place cap on baby
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen -Acrocyanosis
warp baby in two warm blankets
umbilical
What cancord do in
clamping.
the nurse most
toT/F? newborns
regulate as oxygenated
temperature in the -- keep
skin-to-skin
newborncontact
awaywith
frommom and warm blankets
drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs - place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
first. - monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated - warp baby in two warm blankets
Acrocyanosis
- keep newborn away from drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs - place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
babies
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. monitor
- small foraxillary tempage (SGA)
gestational
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
keep newborn
- large away from
for gestational drafts
age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
-babies
infantscan regulate mothers
of diabetic their temp better in 24-48hrs
Question:
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? Answer:
- small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated -Acrocyanosis
post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True
infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
umbilical
What is vitamin is seen in
cord clamping.
K used most newborns as oxygenated
T/F?
for? Acrocyanosis
-Coagulation;
post-term orneonates are growth
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
What are nursing
is vitamin is seen in
K used most newborns
considerations
for? as oxygenated
with the Hep B vax? -Acrocyanosis
•Requires
Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs •First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? -•Second
small for gestationalgiven
vaccination age (SGA)
at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
-•Third
largedose
for gestational
given afterage (LGA)
5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for
•Second gestationalgiven
vaccination age (SGA)
at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin considerations
K used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- largedose
•Third for gestational
given afterage (LGA)
5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
, What cannewborns
How do the nurserespond
do to regulate temperature in the
to cold? --Theyskin-to-skin
keepburn contact
brown
newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and warm
since
drafts theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What can the nurse do to regulate temperature in the -- skin-to-skin
keep newborn contact
awaywith
frommom and warm blankets
drafts
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True
dry head and place cap on baby
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
umbilical cord clamping. T/F? - warp baby in two warm blankets
Question: Answer:
- keep newborn away from drafts
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
babies
- monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
- keep newborn away from drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
first.
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
Question:
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Answer:
Acrocyanosis
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________ is seen in most newborns as oxygenated -Acrocyanosis
post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
What is vitamin K used for? Coagulation;
- post-term orneonates are growth
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-termconsent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
Question: Answer:
- large for gestational age (LGA)
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin considerations
K used for? with the Hep B vax? -•Requires
Coagulation;
post-termconsent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires consent
Coagulation; from are
neonates mother
at risk of blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
Question: Answer:
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing considerations with the Hep B vax? •Requires consent from mother
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
•Third dose given after 5 months
Question: Answer:
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
- Ballard scoring
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
- newborn screen
- Ballard scoring
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
How do we measure head circumference? place tapescreen
- newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
Question: Answer:
- Ballard scoring
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? -- head circumference,
measure chest
3x and record thecircumference,
largest finding length, weight
How do we measure head circumference? - place tapescreen
newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
- Ballard scoring
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
- Dubowitz exam
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the -True
measure 3x and record the largest finding
How do we measure head circumference? place tapescreen
- newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
first few days of life. T/F?
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the True
- measure 3x and record the largest finding
Question:
How do we measure head circumference? Answer:
- place tape measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
Howfew
first do days
we measure chest circumference?
of life. T/F? Place measurement tape on nipple line and wrap around entire thoracic area
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the -True
measure 3x and record the largest finding
How do days
first few we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference?
of life. T/F? - placemeasurement
Place tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
- abdomen should be same size as chest
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the True
How do days
first few we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference?
of life. T/F? -Place
placemeasurement
tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
Question: Answer:
What is the Ballard score? simplified score
- abdomen shouldfor
beassessment ofchest
same size as fetal maturation of newborns
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
How do we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference? - placemeasurement
Place tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
- done within first 12 hours of life
What is the Ballard score? - abdomen
simplified score
shouldfor
beassessment
same size asofchest
fetal maturation of newborns
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
How do we measure abdominal circumference? - place tape above umbilicus and circle infants' body
What is the vernix caseosa? thick, white
- done within creamy material
first 12 hours found in term infants
of life
What is the Ballard score? simplified score
- abdomen shouldforbeassessment
same size asofchest
fetal maturation of newborns
- covers large areas of skin in preterm infants
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
- skin protectant
What is the vernix caseosa? - thick,
done white
within creamy material
first 12 hours found in term infants
of life
What is the Ballard score? - simplified score for assessment of fetal maturation of newborns
- covers large areas of skin in preterm infants
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Answer:
When is the APGAR score assigned? At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
What are
When theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. HR
At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Question: Answer:
2. RR
3. muscle tone
What
Whenare theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. AtHR 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
3. muscle tone
What are
When theAPGAR
is the five categories of the APGAR score?
score assigned? 1. HR
At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5. Truegeneralized skin color (coloring)
3. muscle tone
What
When are the
is the
to stabilize five
APGAR
the categories
infantscore of the
assigned?
than keep APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? At 1. HR 1 and 5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. RR
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True 5. generalized skin color (coloring)
Question: Answer:3. muscle tone
What
When
to are
does the
is the
stabilize five
APGAR
each
the categories
score
APGAR
infant of mean?
thanscore
keep the
assigned?APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? 1. >7HR
At =1 and
normal5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
2. 4-6 RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True
5. generalized skin color (coloring)
3. <3HRmuscle
= criticaltone
What
When
to are
does the
is the
stabilize five
APGAR
each
the categories
score
APGAR
infant of mean?
thanscore
keep the
assigned?APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? At
>7 1. =1 and
normal5 minutes after birth
4. reflex irritability (cry)
4-6 2. RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5. True generalized skin color (coloring)
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first <3 3. muscle
Chemical
= criticaltone
factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What
to are
does the
stabilize five
each
the categories
APGAR
infant thanscoreof mean?
keep the APGAR
them score?
with mom. T/F? 1. >7HR = normal
Question:
breath? Answer: 4. reflex factors:
Sensory irritability (cry)
overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
2. 4-6 RR= low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True 5. generalized
Thermal factors:skin colorchange
drastic (coloring)
in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first 3. <3 muscle
Chemical = criticaltone
factors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What
to does each
stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? >7 = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? 4.
Sensory reflex factors:
irritability (cry)
overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
4-6
with=air low
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important 5.
Thermal Truegeneralized
factors:skin colorchange
drastic (coloring)
in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first Chemical
<3 = criticalfactors: hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia
What does each
to stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? >7
Mechanical = normal factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? Sensory factors: overwhelming stimuli aids in transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger 4-6
with =air
- hypoxialow causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
When the APGAR score is <9 at 5 minutes, it is more important True Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
respirations? <3 Chemical
=
- carbon factors: levels
critical
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Question:
What
to does each
stabilize APGAR
the infant thanscore
keepmean?
them with mom. T/F? Answer: >7 = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? Sensory
medulla factors:
to overwhelming
initiate breathing stimuli aids in transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger -with 4-6 =air
low causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
hypoxia
Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are the 4 factors that influence initiation of the first
respirations? Chemical
->7 <3carbon
= criticalfactors: levels
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
What does each APGAR score mean? = normal
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath?
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with Sensory
medulla5-15 factors:
seconds overwhelming
(approx 3 seconds stimuli
is aids
norm? in
P. transition
298)
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger 4-6 - hypoxia
with lowtocauses
=air initiate breathing
blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
any change Thermal factors: drastic change in temp aids in transition
What are thein4skin
respirations?
color
factors or influence
that HR. How long are these
initiation of thepauses?
first <3 -Chemical
= critical
carbon factors: levels
dioxide hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Mechanical factors: thoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath? breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with
Periodic 5-15 Sensory
medulla factors:
seconds
to overwhelming
(approx
initiate 3 secondsstimuli
breathing aidsP.in298)
is norm? transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger with - hypoxiaair causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
What
any are indicatorscolor
change of respiratory difficulties
areinthese
the newborn? Thermal
- apnea (no factors: drasticfor
breathing change in temp
more than aids in transition
20 seconds)
What are thein4skin
respirations?
or influence
factors that HR. How long
initiation of thepauses?
first Chemical
- carbon dioxidefactors: levels
hypercarbia,
(PCO2)acidosis,
begin toandrise hypoxia
and prompt the resp center within the
Mechanical
- expiratory factors:
gruntingthoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
breath?
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with Sensory
5-15 seconds
medulla factors: overwhelming
(approx
to initiate 3 seconds is norm? P.in298)
breathing stimuli aids transition
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger -with hypoxia
air causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
wheezing
Question:
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? Answer:
-Thermal apnea (no factors: drasticfor
breathing change in temp
more than aids in transition
20 seconds)
respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
nasal flaring
Mechanical
- expiratory factors: gruntingthoracic squeeze through birth causes fluid release and replacement
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15
medulla seconds
- hypoxia (approx
to initiate
retractions 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
breathing
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger with
- wheezing air causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea
use of (no breathing
accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2)
nasal flaring begin to rise at rest
and prompt the resp center within the
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15
--medulla seconds (approx 3 seconds
to initiate breathing
retractions is norm? P. 298)
Why does hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis trigger hypoxia causes blood oxygen (PO2) levels to rise and pH to drop
wheezing
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? --- apnea
use of (no breathing
accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
respirations? carbon dioxide levels
nasal flaring (PCO2) begin to rise at rest
and prompt the resp center within the
- high
expiratory
-medulla RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds
- retractions to (approx
initiate 3 seconds
breathing is norm? P. 298)
Question: Answer:- wheezing
What are indicators
any change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
- retractions
- wheezing
What
any are indicators
change of respiratory
in skin color or HR. Howdifficulties
long areinthese
the newborn?
pauses? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- high
expiratory
RR grunting
- retractions
- wheezing
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? -- apnea (no breathing
use of accessory for more
muscles than 20when
to breathe seconds)
at rest
- nasal flaring
-- expiratory
high RR grunting
- retractions
- wheezing
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- nasal flaring
- high RR
,respirations? - carbon dioxide levels (PCO2) begin to rise and prompt the resp center within the
medulla to initiate breathing
Periodic breathing in a newborn is not usually associated with 5-15 seconds (approx 3 seconds is norm? P. 298)
any change in skin color or HR. How long are these pauses?
Question: Answer:
What are indicators of respiratory difficulties in the newborn? - apnea (no breathing for more than 20 seconds)
- expiratory grunting
- wheezing
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- use of accessory muscles to breathe when at rest
- high RR
Question: Answer:
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
- closure of foramen ovale, DA, and DV
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
What is the HR when baby is first born? -160-180
closureand then 30 min
of foramen later
ovale, it goes
DA, and DVto 120-160
Question: Answer:
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
The baby
What cannot
is the become
HR when babyhypoglycemic
is first born? from heat loss. T/F? False.
160-180
- closureand then 30 min
of foramen later
ovale, it goes
DA, and DVto 120-160
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
How
The
What do
baby newborns
cannot
is the HR whenrespond
become isto cold?
babyhypoglycemic
first born? from heat loss. T/F? They
False.
-160-180burn
closure ofbrown
and adipose
then 30
foramen min tissue
later
ovale, since
it goes
DA, and tothey
DV cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
Question: Answer:
- increased systemic pressure
What are the five changes for successful cardiopulmonary - increased aortic pressure
- decreased pulmonary pressure
adaptation? - decreased venous pressure
What
How can
do
The baby
What the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? --160-180
They skin-to-skin
False. burn
closureand contact
ofbrown
then 30
foramen with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
ovale, and
it goes
DA, and warm
sincetothey
DV blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
- increased systemic pressure
newborn? - dry head and place cap on baby
- decreased pulmonary pressure
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
The
What can
Howbaby
do the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? -False.
160-180skin-to-skin
They burn
- closureand contact
ofbrown
then 30
foramen with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
ovale, and
it goes
DA, and warm
sincetothey
DV blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
Question: Answer:
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? - dry head and place cap on baby
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How
The can
do
Whatbaby the
HRnurse
newborns
cannot
is the do
become
when to regulate
respond
baby isto temperature
cold?
hypoglycemic
first born? in the
from heat loss. T/F? -160-180
-They
False. skin-to-skin
keepburn contact
andbrown
then
newborn 30
away with
adipose
min mom
tissue
later
from and warm
since
it goes
drafts tothey blankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
120-160
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How
The cannewborns
do
baby the nurse
cannot do to regulate
respond
become temperature
to cold?
hypoglycemic in the
from heat loss. T/F? --False.
They skin-to-skin
burn contact
brown
keep newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and
drafts warm
since theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
Question: Answer:
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the - dry head
True
babies can and placetheir
regulate captemp
on baby
better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
umbilical cord clamping. - warp baby in two warm blankets
What
How docannewborns
the nurse do toT/F?
respondregulate temperature in the
to cold? --They skin-to-skin
keepburn contact
brown
newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and
drafts warm
since theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True dry head and place cap on baby
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen -Acrocyanosis
warp baby in two warm blankets
umbilical
What cancord do in
clamping.
the nurse most
toT/F? newborns
regulate as oxygenated
temperature in the -- keep
skin-to-skin
newborncontact
awaywith
frommom and warm blankets
drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs - place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
first. - monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated - warp baby in two warm blankets
Acrocyanosis
- keep newborn away from drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs - place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
babies
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. monitor
- small foraxillary tempage (SGA)
gestational
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
keep newborn
- large away from
for gestational drafts
age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
-babies
infantscan regulate mothers
of diabetic their temp better in 24-48hrs
Question:
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? Answer:
- small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated -Acrocyanosis
post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True
infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
umbilical
What is vitamin is seen in
cord clamping.
K used most newborns as oxygenated
T/F?
for? Acrocyanosis
-Coagulation;
post-term orneonates are growth
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________
What are nursing
is vitamin is seen in
K used most newborns
considerations
for? as oxygenated
with the Hep B vax? -Acrocyanosis
•Requires
Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs •First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? -•Second
small for gestationalgiven
vaccination age (SGA)
at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
-•Third
largedose
for gestational
given afterage (LGA)
5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for
•Second gestationalgiven
vaccination age (SGA)
at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin considerations
K used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-term consent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- largedose
•Third for gestational
given afterage (LGA)
5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
, What cannewborns
How do the nurserespond
do to regulate temperature in the
to cold? --Theyskin-to-skin
keepburn contact
brown
newborn with
adipose
away mom
fromtissue and warm
since
drafts theyblankets
cannot shiver to maintain warmth
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn? -babies
dry head and place cap on baby
can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
- warp baby in two warm blankets
What can the nurse do to regulate temperature in the -- skin-to-skin
keep newborn contact
awaywith
frommom and warm blankets
drafts
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
newborn?
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the -True
dry head and place cap on baby
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
- monitor axillary temp
umbilical cord clamping. T/F? - warp baby in two warm blankets
Question: Answer:
- keep newborn away from drafts
- place unwrapped baby under radiator and monitor temp
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
babies
- monitor axillary temp
_____________________ is seen in T/F?
umbilical cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
- keep newborn away from drafts
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
babies can regulate their temp better in 24-48hrs
first.
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Acrocyanosis
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
Blood volume is determined in large part by the timing of the True
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
Question:
_____________________
umbilical is seen in T/F?
cord clamping. most newborns as oxygenated Answer:
Acrocyanosis
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns?
first. - small for gestational age (SGA)
_____________________ is seen in most newborns as oxygenated -Acrocyanosis
post-term or intrauterine growth restriction
- large for gestational age (LGA)
blood is shunted to central area of the body and vital organs
- infants of diabetic mothers
What
first. are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
What is vitamin K used for? Coagulation;
- post-term orneonates are growth
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
- large for gestational age (LGA)
- infants of diabetic mothers
What are factors that affect blood glucose on newborns? - small for gestational age (SGA)
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires
-Coagulation;
post-termconsent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
Question: Answer:
- large for gestational age (LGA)
•First vaccination can be given after birth
- infants of diabetic mothers
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin considerations
K used for? with the Hep B vax? -•Requires
Coagulation;
post-termconsent from are
orneonates mother
intrauterine at risk ofrestriction
growth blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing
is vitamin K considerations
used for? with the Hep B vax? •Requires consent
Coagulation; from are
neonates mother
at risk of blood clotting deficiency in the first few days of life
Question: Answer:
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
What are nursing considerations with the Hep B vax? •Requires consent from mother
•Third dose given after 5 months
•First vaccination can be given after birth
•Second vaccination given at one month
•Third dose given after 5 months
Question: Answer:
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
- Ballard scoring
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
- newborn screen
- Ballard scoring
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? - head circumference, chest circumference, length, weight
How do we measure head circumference? place tapescreen
- newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
Question: Answer:
- Ballard scoring
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
- Dubowitz exam
What is included in the newborn assessment? -- head circumference,
measure chest
3x and record thecircumference,
largest finding length, weight
How do we measure head circumference? - place tapescreen
newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
- Ballard scoring
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
- Dubowitz exam
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the -True
measure 3x and record the largest finding
How do we measure head circumference? place tapescreen
- newborn measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
first few days of life. T/F?
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the True
- measure 3x and record the largest finding
Question:
How do we measure head circumference? Answer:
- place tape measure immediately above eyebrows and pinna of the ear and wrap
Howfew
first do days
we measure chest circumference?
of life. T/F? Place measurement tape on nipple line and wrap around entire thoracic area
around the occipital prominence at the back of the head
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the -True
measure 3x and record the largest finding
How do days
first few we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference?
of life. T/F? - placemeasurement
Place tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
- abdomen should be same size as chest
The head and chest measurements may be equal during the True
How do days
first few we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference?
of life. T/F? -Place
placemeasurement
tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
Question: Answer:
What is the Ballard score? simplified score
- abdomen shouldfor
beassessment ofchest
same size as fetal maturation of newborns
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
How do we measure abdominal circumference?
chest circumference? - placemeasurement
Place tape above umbilicus and circle
tape on nipple infants'
line and wrap body
around entire thoracic area
- done within first 12 hours of life
What is the Ballard score? - abdomen
simplified score
shouldfor
beassessment
same size asofchest
fetal maturation of newborns
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
How do we measure abdominal circumference? - place tape above umbilicus and circle infants' body
What is the vernix caseosa? thick, white
- done within creamy material
first 12 hours found in term infants
of life
What is the Ballard score? simplified score
- abdomen shouldforbeassessment
same size asofchest
fetal maturation of newborns
- covers large areas of skin in preterm infants
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
- skin protectant
What is the vernix caseosa? - thick,
done white
within creamy material
first 12 hours found in term infants
of life
What is the Ballard score? - simplified score for assessment of fetal maturation of newborns
- covers large areas of skin in preterm infants
- measures neuromuscular and physical maturity
