NUR 5332 Midterm Exam Questions With Verified
Answers Actual Questions & Answers with
Rationales | Updated PDF 10.0 Editions with well
verified Answers A+
Structure and function of the nucleus - ANSWER:-The nucleus
houses DNA, controls gene expression, and regulates cell
division.
Structure and function of cytoplasmic organelles - ANSWER:-
Organelles like ER, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes each
perform specific functions like protein/lipid synthesis, energy
production, digestion, and detoxification.
Type I hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Immediate, IgE-mediated
allergic reaction causing mast cell degranulation; examples
include anaphylaxis and asthma.
Type II hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Antibody-mediated
cytotoxicity where IgG/IgM target cell surface antigens,
leading to cell lysis; examples include hemolytic anemia.
,Type III hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Immune complex
deposition causes inflammation via complement activation;
examples include lupus and serum sickness.
Type IV hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Delayed, T-cell mediated
reaction causing tissue damage; examples include contact
dermatitis and TB skin test.
Cortisol - ANSWER:-Glucocorticoid hormone from adrenal
cortex; increases blood glucose, suppresses inflammation,
mobilizes energy during stress.
Norepinephrine - ANSWER:-Catecholamine that causes
vasoconstriction and increased heart rate; part of sympathetic
fight-or-flight response.
Cardiogenic shock - ANSWER:-Pump failure leading to low
cardiac output; symptoms include hypotension and
pulmonary edema; treated with inotropes and support.
Hypovolemic shock - ANSWER:-Decreased blood volume
reduces preload and output; causes tachycardia and
hypotension; treatment focuses on fluid replacement.
,Neurogenic shock - ANSWER:-Loss of sympathetic tone
causing vasodilation and hypotension with bradycardia;
treated by restoring vascular tone and fluids.
Anaphylactic shock - ANSWER:-Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation and bronchoconstriction; treated urgently with
epinephrine and airway support.
Septic shock - ANSWER:-Systemic infection causes
vasodilation and organ dysfunction; treated with antibiotics,
fluids, and vasopressors.
Obstructive shock - ANSWER:-Physical obstruction to
circulation reduces output; examples include pulmonary
embolism and cardiac tamponade; treatment removes
obstruction.
Most common cause of shock in children - ANSWER:-
Hypovolemic shock due to dehydration from vomiting or
diarrhea, because of low fluid reserve.
, Normal pediatric vital signs - ANSWER:-Heart rate and
respiratory rate higher than adults; blood pressure lower;
values vary by age.
Early signs of pediatric shock - ANSWER:-Tachycardia,
irritability, prolonged capillary refill, cool extremities,
decreased urine output.
Late signs of pediatric shock - ANSWER:-Hypotension,
bradycardia, weak pulses, altered mental status, mottled skin.
Signs of shock in neonate - ANSWER:-Temperature instability,
decreased heart rate variability, poor feeding, lethargy,
delayed capillary refill.
Physiological compensations in pediatric cardiogenic shock -
ANSWER:-Increased heart rate and systemic vascular
resistance, vasoconstriction to maintain perfusion to vital
organs.
Benign tumor - ANSWER:-Non-cancerous, slow-growing,
localized, does not invade or metastasize.
Answers Actual Questions & Answers with
Rationales | Updated PDF 10.0 Editions with well
verified Answers A+
Structure and function of the nucleus - ANSWER:-The nucleus
houses DNA, controls gene expression, and regulates cell
division.
Structure and function of cytoplasmic organelles - ANSWER:-
Organelles like ER, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes each
perform specific functions like protein/lipid synthesis, energy
production, digestion, and detoxification.
Type I hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Immediate, IgE-mediated
allergic reaction causing mast cell degranulation; examples
include anaphylaxis and asthma.
Type II hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Antibody-mediated
cytotoxicity where IgG/IgM target cell surface antigens,
leading to cell lysis; examples include hemolytic anemia.
,Type III hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Immune complex
deposition causes inflammation via complement activation;
examples include lupus and serum sickness.
Type IV hypersensitivity - ANSWER:-Delayed, T-cell mediated
reaction causing tissue damage; examples include contact
dermatitis and TB skin test.
Cortisol - ANSWER:-Glucocorticoid hormone from adrenal
cortex; increases blood glucose, suppresses inflammation,
mobilizes energy during stress.
Norepinephrine - ANSWER:-Catecholamine that causes
vasoconstriction and increased heart rate; part of sympathetic
fight-or-flight response.
Cardiogenic shock - ANSWER:-Pump failure leading to low
cardiac output; symptoms include hypotension and
pulmonary edema; treated with inotropes and support.
Hypovolemic shock - ANSWER:-Decreased blood volume
reduces preload and output; causes tachycardia and
hypotension; treatment focuses on fluid replacement.
,Neurogenic shock - ANSWER:-Loss of sympathetic tone
causing vasodilation and hypotension with bradycardia;
treated by restoring vascular tone and fluids.
Anaphylactic shock - ANSWER:-Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation and bronchoconstriction; treated urgently with
epinephrine and airway support.
Septic shock - ANSWER:-Systemic infection causes
vasodilation and organ dysfunction; treated with antibiotics,
fluids, and vasopressors.
Obstructive shock - ANSWER:-Physical obstruction to
circulation reduces output; examples include pulmonary
embolism and cardiac tamponade; treatment removes
obstruction.
Most common cause of shock in children - ANSWER:-
Hypovolemic shock due to dehydration from vomiting or
diarrhea, because of low fluid reserve.
, Normal pediatric vital signs - ANSWER:-Heart rate and
respiratory rate higher than adults; blood pressure lower;
values vary by age.
Early signs of pediatric shock - ANSWER:-Tachycardia,
irritability, prolonged capillary refill, cool extremities,
decreased urine output.
Late signs of pediatric shock - ANSWER:-Hypotension,
bradycardia, weak pulses, altered mental status, mottled skin.
Signs of shock in neonate - ANSWER:-Temperature instability,
decreased heart rate variability, poor feeding, lethargy,
delayed capillary refill.
Physiological compensations in pediatric cardiogenic shock -
ANSWER:-Increased heart rate and systemic vascular
resistance, vasoconstriction to maintain perfusion to vital
organs.
Benign tumor - ANSWER:-Non-cancerous, slow-growing,
localized, does not invade or metastasize.
