PSYC 3320 Exam 3 2026/2027 | Latest Update | Exam Prep
1. Discuss why Skinner believes that valuing empirical observation is essential for
science.
Skinner maintains that empirical observation is only one of many ways
to understand behavior.
Skinner argues that science should prioritize subjective experiences
over observable data.
Skinner believes that valuing empirical observation is essential for
science because it ensures that conclusions are based on
observable and measurable evidence.
Skinner thinks that empirical observation is less important than
theoretical models.
2. Describe the significance of self-efficacy in the context of behavior
modification.
Self-efficacy influences motivation and the likelihood of achieving
goals.
Self-efficacy is a measure of intelligence.
Self-efficacy is unrelated to behavior modification.
Self-efficacy only affects academic performance.
3. Which is a technique of disengagement of internal control?
redefining behavior
dehumanizing others
distorting consequences
, all of the above
4. What term describes the capacity of individuals to act independently and
make their own choices in behavioral analysis?
Reinforcement
Human agency
Punishment
Operant conditioning
5. What is the experience corollary in the context of behavioral analysis?
It indicates that reinforcement is the only factor in behavior
modification.
It emphasizes the role of genetic predispositions in behavior.
It suggests that behavior is solely determined by external stimuli.
It refers to the idea that individuals use their past experiences to
shape their personal constructs.
6. Describe how Skinner's concept of reinforcement differs from punishment in
operant conditioning.
Reinforcement is unrelated to behavior modification.
Reinforcement and punishment both increase behavior but in different
contexts.
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while
punishment decreases it.
Reinforcement is a form of punishment that leads to behavior change.
,7. What term does Skinner use to describe the factors that influence self-
control?
genetic predispositions
environmental variables
social influences
internal thoughts
8. What term describes Skinner's approach to understanding behavior?
radical behaviorism
cognitive therapy
classical conditioning
humanistic psychology
9. Which psychological approach is most closely associated with B.F. Skinner's
theories?
Behaviorism
Psychodynamic
Cognitive Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
10. What term describes the ability to influence others' behaviors through
indirect means?
Proxy agency
Self-efficacy
Direct control
, Observational learning
11. Discuss how Skinner's concept of self-control relates to environmental
variables in behavior modification.
Self-control is unrelated to external factors and is purely instinctual.
Self-control is influenced by environmental variables that shape
behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
Self-control is solely determined by internal thoughts and beliefs.
Self-control is a fixed trait that does not change over time.
12. Describe how self-efficacy is related to social cognitive therapy.
Self-efficacy only pertains to biological responses.
Self-efficacy influences an individual's belief in their ability to
succeed, which is a key component of social cognitive therapy.
Self-efficacy is a concept exclusive to behavioral therapy.
Self-efficacy is unrelated to social cognitive therapy.
13. Describe how variable-ratio reinforcement differs from fixed-interval
reinforcement.
Variable-ratio reinforcement provides rewards after an
unpredictable number of responses, while fixed-interval
reinforcement provides rewards after a set period.
Variable-ratio reinforcement gives rewards at regular time intervals,
while fixed-interval reinforcement is based on the number of
responses.
Variable-ratio reinforcement is based on a fixed number of
responses, while fixed-interval reinforcement is unpredictable.
1. Discuss why Skinner believes that valuing empirical observation is essential for
science.
Skinner maintains that empirical observation is only one of many ways
to understand behavior.
Skinner argues that science should prioritize subjective experiences
over observable data.
Skinner believes that valuing empirical observation is essential for
science because it ensures that conclusions are based on
observable and measurable evidence.
Skinner thinks that empirical observation is less important than
theoretical models.
2. Describe the significance of self-efficacy in the context of behavior
modification.
Self-efficacy influences motivation and the likelihood of achieving
goals.
Self-efficacy is a measure of intelligence.
Self-efficacy is unrelated to behavior modification.
Self-efficacy only affects academic performance.
3. Which is a technique of disengagement of internal control?
redefining behavior
dehumanizing others
distorting consequences
, all of the above
4. What term describes the capacity of individuals to act independently and
make their own choices in behavioral analysis?
Reinforcement
Human agency
Punishment
Operant conditioning
5. What is the experience corollary in the context of behavioral analysis?
It indicates that reinforcement is the only factor in behavior
modification.
It emphasizes the role of genetic predispositions in behavior.
It suggests that behavior is solely determined by external stimuli.
It refers to the idea that individuals use their past experiences to
shape their personal constructs.
6. Describe how Skinner's concept of reinforcement differs from punishment in
operant conditioning.
Reinforcement is unrelated to behavior modification.
Reinforcement and punishment both increase behavior but in different
contexts.
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while
punishment decreases it.
Reinforcement is a form of punishment that leads to behavior change.
,7. What term does Skinner use to describe the factors that influence self-
control?
genetic predispositions
environmental variables
social influences
internal thoughts
8. What term describes Skinner's approach to understanding behavior?
radical behaviorism
cognitive therapy
classical conditioning
humanistic psychology
9. Which psychological approach is most closely associated with B.F. Skinner's
theories?
Behaviorism
Psychodynamic
Cognitive Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
10. What term describes the ability to influence others' behaviors through
indirect means?
Proxy agency
Self-efficacy
Direct control
, Observational learning
11. Discuss how Skinner's concept of self-control relates to environmental
variables in behavior modification.
Self-control is unrelated to external factors and is purely instinctual.
Self-control is influenced by environmental variables that shape
behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
Self-control is solely determined by internal thoughts and beliefs.
Self-control is a fixed trait that does not change over time.
12. Describe how self-efficacy is related to social cognitive therapy.
Self-efficacy only pertains to biological responses.
Self-efficacy influences an individual's belief in their ability to
succeed, which is a key component of social cognitive therapy.
Self-efficacy is a concept exclusive to behavioral therapy.
Self-efficacy is unrelated to social cognitive therapy.
13. Describe how variable-ratio reinforcement differs from fixed-interval
reinforcement.
Variable-ratio reinforcement provides rewards after an
unpredictable number of responses, while fixed-interval
reinforcement provides rewards after a set period.
Variable-ratio reinforcement gives rewards at regular time intervals,
while fixed-interval reinforcement is based on the number of
responses.
Variable-ratio reinforcement is based on a fixed number of
responses, while fixed-interval reinforcement is unpredictable.
