NURS 5315 Final Exam Review – Nursing Exam Practice
Questions and Correct Answers
1. A couple decides that they want to start a family. Because both the husband
and wife have family histories of genetic disorders, they consult a genetics
counsellor about their likelihood of having a child with these disorders. Both
the husband and the wife are given a genetics test, and when the results
come back, it is discovered that both are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease.
Based on what you know about genetic inheritance and the type of genetic
disorder that is Tay-Sachs, what are the chances that this couple will have a
child born with Tay-Sachs disease?
4 out of 4 (100% chance)
3 out of 4 (75% chance)
1 out of 4 (25% chance)
2 out of 4 (50% chance)
2. In a patient experiencing severe hypoxia, which metabolic process would
you expect to be most affected, and how might this impact their overall
health?
Increased anabolism metabolism, enhancing tissue repair.
Increased catabolic metabolism, causing rapid weight gain.
Impaired protein synthesis, leading to muscle wasting and
weakened immune response.
Increased aerobic metabolism, resulting in higher energy levels.
3. A patient with severe dehydration presents with elevated potassium levels.
What clinical intervention should be prioritized?
Monitor cardiac function due to the risk of hyperkalemia.
, Perform a renal function test to assess kidney damage.
Increase fluid intake to dilute potassium levels.
Administer calcium supplements to counteract potassium.
4. Discuss the relationship between dehydration and electrolyte imbalances,
particularly focusing on potassium levels.
Dehydration primarily results in hyponatremia due to loss of sodium.
Dehydration can lead to hyperkalemia due to decreased fluid
volume affecting potassium concentration.
Dehydration has no effect on electrolyte levels in the body.
Dehydration causes hypocalcemia by increasing calcium excretion.
5. Describe the significance of glandular epithelial tissue in the development of
lung adenocarcinoma.
Glandular epithelial tissue is significant because it is the origin of
lung adenocarcinoma, which arises from the cells that line the
airways and produce mucus.
Glandular epithelial tissue is important for muscle contraction in the
lungs.
Glandular epithelial tissue does not play a role in lung cancer
development.
Glandular epithelial tissue is primarily involved in the immune
response.
6. In autosomal recessive disorders, how many copies of the mutated gene
must be present for the disease to be expressed phenotypically?
Two copies
, Three copies
Four copies
One copy
7. In a patient experiencing severe dehydration, which physiological changes
would you expect to observe in their hormone levels?
Increased levels of renin and aldosterone.
Stable levels of antidiuretic hormone and decreased renin.
Decreased levels of renin and increased levels of natriuretic peptides.
Increased levels of natriuretic peptides and decreased aldosterone.
8. A patient with metabolic acidosis presents with elevated potassium levels.
What should the nurse practitioner consider as a potential complication?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypotension
Increased urine output
Dehydration
9. Describe how the release of cytokines contributes to the symptoms
experienced by a patient with influenza.
The release of acute phase reactants directly causes the cough and
fever.
A systemic viremia is responsible for the localized symptoms of
influenza.
The release of cytokines leads to inflammation and systemic
symptoms such as fever and fatigue.
, Release of bradykinin primarily affects the respiratory system without
systemic symptoms.
10. What is the cellular adaptive pattern associated with chronically
uncontrolled hypertension?
Renal dysplasia
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular hyperplasia
Cardiac Atrophy
11. A patient with a history of chronic inflammation in the stomach experiences a
change in cell type in the esophagus due to the movement of stomach acid
there. What term best describes this cellular adaptation?
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
12. Describe the significance of having homozygous versus heterozygous
alleles in genetic expression.
Heterozygous alleles have no impact on genetic expression.
Homozygous alleles are always recessive, while heterozygous alleles
are always dominant.
Heterozygous alleles always express dominant traits, while
homozygous alleles do not.
Homozygous alleles can lead to uniform expression of traits, while
heterozygous alleles can result in variation in traits.
Questions and Correct Answers
1. A couple decides that they want to start a family. Because both the husband
and wife have family histories of genetic disorders, they consult a genetics
counsellor about their likelihood of having a child with these disorders. Both
the husband and the wife are given a genetics test, and when the results
come back, it is discovered that both are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease.
Based on what you know about genetic inheritance and the type of genetic
disorder that is Tay-Sachs, what are the chances that this couple will have a
child born with Tay-Sachs disease?
4 out of 4 (100% chance)
3 out of 4 (75% chance)
1 out of 4 (25% chance)
2 out of 4 (50% chance)
2. In a patient experiencing severe hypoxia, which metabolic process would
you expect to be most affected, and how might this impact their overall
health?
Increased anabolism metabolism, enhancing tissue repair.
Increased catabolic metabolism, causing rapid weight gain.
Impaired protein synthesis, leading to muscle wasting and
weakened immune response.
Increased aerobic metabolism, resulting in higher energy levels.
3. A patient with severe dehydration presents with elevated potassium levels.
What clinical intervention should be prioritized?
Monitor cardiac function due to the risk of hyperkalemia.
, Perform a renal function test to assess kidney damage.
Increase fluid intake to dilute potassium levels.
Administer calcium supplements to counteract potassium.
4. Discuss the relationship between dehydration and electrolyte imbalances,
particularly focusing on potassium levels.
Dehydration primarily results in hyponatremia due to loss of sodium.
Dehydration can lead to hyperkalemia due to decreased fluid
volume affecting potassium concentration.
Dehydration has no effect on electrolyte levels in the body.
Dehydration causes hypocalcemia by increasing calcium excretion.
5. Describe the significance of glandular epithelial tissue in the development of
lung adenocarcinoma.
Glandular epithelial tissue is significant because it is the origin of
lung adenocarcinoma, which arises from the cells that line the
airways and produce mucus.
Glandular epithelial tissue is important for muscle contraction in the
lungs.
Glandular epithelial tissue does not play a role in lung cancer
development.
Glandular epithelial tissue is primarily involved in the immune
response.
6. In autosomal recessive disorders, how many copies of the mutated gene
must be present for the disease to be expressed phenotypically?
Two copies
, Three copies
Four copies
One copy
7. In a patient experiencing severe dehydration, which physiological changes
would you expect to observe in their hormone levels?
Increased levels of renin and aldosterone.
Stable levels of antidiuretic hormone and decreased renin.
Decreased levels of renin and increased levels of natriuretic peptides.
Increased levels of natriuretic peptides and decreased aldosterone.
8. A patient with metabolic acidosis presents with elevated potassium levels.
What should the nurse practitioner consider as a potential complication?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypotension
Increased urine output
Dehydration
9. Describe how the release of cytokines contributes to the symptoms
experienced by a patient with influenza.
The release of acute phase reactants directly causes the cough and
fever.
A systemic viremia is responsible for the localized symptoms of
influenza.
The release of cytokines leads to inflammation and systemic
symptoms such as fever and fatigue.
, Release of bradykinin primarily affects the respiratory system without
systemic symptoms.
10. What is the cellular adaptive pattern associated with chronically
uncontrolled hypertension?
Renal dysplasia
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular hyperplasia
Cardiac Atrophy
11. A patient with a history of chronic inflammation in the stomach experiences a
change in cell type in the esophagus due to the movement of stomach acid
there. What term best describes this cellular adaptation?
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
12. Describe the significance of having homozygous versus heterozygous
alleles in genetic expression.
Heterozygous alleles have no impact on genetic expression.
Homozygous alleles are always recessive, while heterozygous alleles
are always dominant.
Heterozygous alleles always express dominant traits, while
homozygous alleles do not.
Homozygous alleles can lead to uniform expression of traits, while
heterozygous alleles can result in variation in traits.
