Wilkes NSG 530 Exam 2 Review Immunology and Cancer
Practice Questions and Answers
1. What are the three main classifications of tumors?
Benign tumors, malignant tumors, and metastatic tumors.
Primary tumors, secondary tumors, and tertiary tumors.
Carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas.
Tumors, cysts, and lesions.
2. Describe the factors that can lead to immune deficiencies.
Infections do not contribute to immune deficiencies.
Only genetic factors are responsible for immune deficiencies.
Immune deficiencies are caused solely by environmental factors.
Genetic factors, infections, or environmental factors can lead to
immune deficiencies.
3. What serologic test is positive in most patients with SLE, but is not very
specific for SLE over other autoimmune diseases?
anti-smith antibody test (anti-Sm)
anti-native DNA antibody test (anti-dsDNA)
anti-ctrullinated protein antibody test (ACPA)
anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA)
4. A blood product transfusion reaction is an example of
pauciimunity
autoimmunity
, alloimmunity
secondary immunodeficiency
5. Describe how tumor resistance to destruction affects cancer treatment
outcomes.
Tumor resistance to destruction complicates treatment as cancer
cells can survive therapies aimed at inducing cell death.
Tumor resistance to destruction has no impact on treatment
outcomes.
Tumor resistance to destruction only affects early-stage tumors.
Tumor resistance to destruction enhances the effectiveness of
chemotherapy.
6. Cancer is ___ _.
uncontrolled cellular division that does harm to the body
a process of cellular division for sex/germ cells
a process of cellular division for somatic cells
a process of natural cellular death
7. If a patient receives a kidney transplant and experiences rejection, what type
of immune response is likely occurring, and what steps can be taken to
mitigate this response?
Alloimmunity; immunosuppressive therapy can be used to reduce
the immune response.
Immunodeficiency; vaccines should be avoided.
Autoimmunity; increasing antibody production may help.
, Hypersensitivity; antihistamines can be administered.
8. What is the immune reaction to tissues of another individual (i.e. organ
transplant or blood transfusion)?
autoimmunity
allergy
alloimmunity
9. Describe how epigenetics can affect an organism's phenotype without
altering its genotype.
Epigenetics can modify gene expression through mechanisms like
DNA methylation and histone modification, leading to changes in
phenotype without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Epigenetics directly changes the DNA sequence, resulting in a new
genotype.
Epigenetics only affects the physical structure of DNA, not gene
expression.
Epigenetics is unrelated to phenotype and only involves genetic
information.
10. List three examples of autoimmune diseases mentioned in immunological
studies.
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and hepatitis
Asthma, lupus, and psoriasis
Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), and
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
, 11. Describe the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of stomach
cancer.
Helicobacter pylori is harmless and does not affect stomach health.
Helicobacter pylori directly invades cancer cells, causing them to
multiply.
Helicobacter pylori only causes ulcers and has no relation to cancer.
Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic inflammation and changes in
the gastric mucosa, leading to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
12. Immunodeficiency can be caused by ______ _.
Pathogens
Medications
Radiation
All of the above
13. Manifestations of the autoimmune disease SLE include:
nasal polyps, headache, and rhinorrhea
wheezing, eczema, and itching.
arthritic joint pain, pleuritic chest pain, and rash.
pulmonary edema, leg swelling, and vein distention.
14. If a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) presents with cyanosis, what
underlying defect is most likely contributing to this symptom?
Coronary artery disease
Mitral valve stenosis
Practice Questions and Answers
1. What are the three main classifications of tumors?
Benign tumors, malignant tumors, and metastatic tumors.
Primary tumors, secondary tumors, and tertiary tumors.
Carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas.
Tumors, cysts, and lesions.
2. Describe the factors that can lead to immune deficiencies.
Infections do not contribute to immune deficiencies.
Only genetic factors are responsible for immune deficiencies.
Immune deficiencies are caused solely by environmental factors.
Genetic factors, infections, or environmental factors can lead to
immune deficiencies.
3. What serologic test is positive in most patients with SLE, but is not very
specific for SLE over other autoimmune diseases?
anti-smith antibody test (anti-Sm)
anti-native DNA antibody test (anti-dsDNA)
anti-ctrullinated protein antibody test (ACPA)
anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA)
4. A blood product transfusion reaction is an example of
pauciimunity
autoimmunity
, alloimmunity
secondary immunodeficiency
5. Describe how tumor resistance to destruction affects cancer treatment
outcomes.
Tumor resistance to destruction complicates treatment as cancer
cells can survive therapies aimed at inducing cell death.
Tumor resistance to destruction has no impact on treatment
outcomes.
Tumor resistance to destruction only affects early-stage tumors.
Tumor resistance to destruction enhances the effectiveness of
chemotherapy.
6. Cancer is ___ _.
uncontrolled cellular division that does harm to the body
a process of cellular division for sex/germ cells
a process of cellular division for somatic cells
a process of natural cellular death
7. If a patient receives a kidney transplant and experiences rejection, what type
of immune response is likely occurring, and what steps can be taken to
mitigate this response?
Alloimmunity; immunosuppressive therapy can be used to reduce
the immune response.
Immunodeficiency; vaccines should be avoided.
Autoimmunity; increasing antibody production may help.
, Hypersensitivity; antihistamines can be administered.
8. What is the immune reaction to tissues of another individual (i.e. organ
transplant or blood transfusion)?
autoimmunity
allergy
alloimmunity
9. Describe how epigenetics can affect an organism's phenotype without
altering its genotype.
Epigenetics can modify gene expression through mechanisms like
DNA methylation and histone modification, leading to changes in
phenotype without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Epigenetics directly changes the DNA sequence, resulting in a new
genotype.
Epigenetics only affects the physical structure of DNA, not gene
expression.
Epigenetics is unrelated to phenotype and only involves genetic
information.
10. List three examples of autoimmune diseases mentioned in immunological
studies.
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and hepatitis
Asthma, lupus, and psoriasis
Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), and
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
, 11. Describe the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of stomach
cancer.
Helicobacter pylori is harmless and does not affect stomach health.
Helicobacter pylori directly invades cancer cells, causing them to
multiply.
Helicobacter pylori only causes ulcers and has no relation to cancer.
Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic inflammation and changes in
the gastric mucosa, leading to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
12. Immunodeficiency can be caused by ______ _.
Pathogens
Medications
Radiation
All of the above
13. Manifestations of the autoimmune disease SLE include:
nasal polyps, headache, and rhinorrhea
wheezing, eczema, and itching.
arthritic joint pain, pleuritic chest pain, and rash.
pulmonary edema, leg swelling, and vein distention.
14. If a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) presents with cyanosis, what
underlying defect is most likely contributing to this symptom?
Coronary artery disease
Mitral valve stenosis
