NSG 530 Exam 1 Cell Biology and Immunity Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
1. Describe how antibodies contribute to the immune response against
pathogens.
Antibodies prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
Antibodies enhance the growth of pathogens in the body.
Antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by
other immune cells.
Antibodies directly kill pathogens by releasing toxins.
2. Which of the following describes what has probably happened to the cell in
the picture?
The cell was in a solution with higher solute concentration than
inside the cell, so water moved out by osmosis
The cell was in a solution with lower solute concentration than inside
the cell, so water moved into the cell by osmosis
The cell was in an isotonic solution so water moved into and out of the
cell by osmosis
The cell was in a solution with lower solute concentration than inside
the cell, so water moved out by osmosis
3. What physiological factor contributes to the increased susceptibility of
geriatric patients to dehydration?
Higher fluid intake
Increased kidney function
Increased metabolic rate
, Lower total body muscle and fat mass
4. If a woman experiences hormonal imbalances that lead to excessive
thickening of the uterine lining, what condition might this indicate related to
hyperplasia?
Endometrial hyperplasia
Apoptosis
Metaplasia
Cellular atrophy
5. Describe how polyploidy can affect an organism's genetic makeup.
Polyploidy has no significant effect on an organism's traits.
Polyploidy only occurs in plants and has no relevance to animals.
Polyploidy can lead to an increase in genetic variation and may
affect traits such as size and fertility.
Polyploidy results in a decrease in genetic variation and always leads
to infertility.
6. Describe the role of basophils in the immune response and how they
contribute to combating infections.
Basophils secrete histamine and other chemicals to enhance the
immune response against infections.
Basophils are responsible for the production of red blood cells.
Basophils produce antibodies to neutralize toxins.
Basophils directly attack pathogens by engulfing them.
7. What is the definition of polyploidy in the context of genetics?
, A genetic disorder caused by a single extra chromosome.
A type of mutation that affects only one gene.
A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.
The process of cell division in somatic cells.
8. T cells are the primary cells involved in ___ immunity.
humoral
antibody mediated
cell-mediated
9. If a patient has a deficiency in B lymphocytes, what aspect of their immune
response would be most affected?
Phagocytosis of pathogens
Activation of T lymphocytes
Production of antibodies
Inflammatory response
10. Suffocation due to decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the
blood is:
asphyxia
aspiration
asthma
arrythmia
11. What are the primary immune cells involved in adaptive immunity?
, Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells
T and B lymphocytes
Macrophages and neutrophils
12. Turner syndrome is characterized by
Short stature
45, XO
No menstruation
Underdeveloped gonadal structures
All of the above are correct
13. An edematous person may actually be dehydrated because:
intravascular fluid is diluted
fluid is retained intracellularly
fluid is retained extracellularly
intravascular fluid is retained
14. What immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?
IgA
All of the above
IgM
IgG
Questions and Correct Answers
1. Describe how antibodies contribute to the immune response against
pathogens.
Antibodies prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
Antibodies enhance the growth of pathogens in the body.
Antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by
other immune cells.
Antibodies directly kill pathogens by releasing toxins.
2. Which of the following describes what has probably happened to the cell in
the picture?
The cell was in a solution with higher solute concentration than
inside the cell, so water moved out by osmosis
The cell was in a solution with lower solute concentration than inside
the cell, so water moved into the cell by osmosis
The cell was in an isotonic solution so water moved into and out of the
cell by osmosis
The cell was in a solution with lower solute concentration than inside
the cell, so water moved out by osmosis
3. What physiological factor contributes to the increased susceptibility of
geriatric patients to dehydration?
Higher fluid intake
Increased kidney function
Increased metabolic rate
, Lower total body muscle and fat mass
4. If a woman experiences hormonal imbalances that lead to excessive
thickening of the uterine lining, what condition might this indicate related to
hyperplasia?
Endometrial hyperplasia
Apoptosis
Metaplasia
Cellular atrophy
5. Describe how polyploidy can affect an organism's genetic makeup.
Polyploidy has no significant effect on an organism's traits.
Polyploidy only occurs in plants and has no relevance to animals.
Polyploidy can lead to an increase in genetic variation and may
affect traits such as size and fertility.
Polyploidy results in a decrease in genetic variation and always leads
to infertility.
6. Describe the role of basophils in the immune response and how they
contribute to combating infections.
Basophils secrete histamine and other chemicals to enhance the
immune response against infections.
Basophils are responsible for the production of red blood cells.
Basophils produce antibodies to neutralize toxins.
Basophils directly attack pathogens by engulfing them.
7. What is the definition of polyploidy in the context of genetics?
, A genetic disorder caused by a single extra chromosome.
A type of mutation that affects only one gene.
A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.
The process of cell division in somatic cells.
8. T cells are the primary cells involved in ___ immunity.
humoral
antibody mediated
cell-mediated
9. If a patient has a deficiency in B lymphocytes, what aspect of their immune
response would be most affected?
Phagocytosis of pathogens
Activation of T lymphocytes
Production of antibodies
Inflammatory response
10. Suffocation due to decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the
blood is:
asphyxia
aspiration
asthma
arrythmia
11. What are the primary immune cells involved in adaptive immunity?
, Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells
T and B lymphocytes
Macrophages and neutrophils
12. Turner syndrome is characterized by
Short stature
45, XO
No menstruation
Underdeveloped gonadal structures
All of the above are correct
13. An edematous person may actually be dehydrated because:
intravascular fluid is diluted
fluid is retained intracellularly
fluid is retained extracellularly
intravascular fluid is retained
14. What immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?
IgA
All of the above
IgM
IgG
