NUR 529 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2026 – ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW, DISEASE MECHANISMS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS,
DIAGNOSTIC INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS GRADED A+
1. Describe how fibrin contributes to the process of blood coagulation.
Fibrin acts as a signal for immune response.
Fibrin forms a mesh that stabilizes the clot and prevents further bleeding.
Fibrin enhances the production of red blood cells.
Fibrin breaks down clots to restore blood flow.
2. Formation of the platelet plug requires that _.
macrophages perform diapedesis
blood pressure first drop by least 40% in the aorta
platelets adhere to collagen fibers exposed in the vessel's damaged wall
All of the other options.
erythrocytes cause the precipitation of fibrinogen forming a mesh of fibrin
3. Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with infectious
mononucleosis?
Joint pain
Lymphadenopathy
Sore throat
Fever
,4. What is a common symptom of heart failure?
Weight loss
Increased energy
Decreased urine output
Shortness of breath
5. If a patient presents with fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss, what would
be the most appropriate initial diagnostic step to evaluate for Hodgkin's
lymphoma?
Lymph node biopsy
Complete blood count
CT scan of the abdomen
Chest X-ray
6. Which is the potential complication of infectious mononucleosis?
pneumonia
vasculitis
encephalopathy
splenic rupture
7. If a patient with infectious mononucleosis presents with severe throat pain and
dehydration, what supportive care measures should be prioritized?
Scheduling a tonsillectomy
Recommending bed rest without treatment
Starting antiviral medication
, Administering fluids and pain relief medication
8. Describe the physiological significance of vessel vasoconstriction in the context
of hemostasis.
Vessel vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to minimize blood loss during
injury.
Vessel vasoconstriction has no effect on blood loss.
Vessel vasoconstriction allows for increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Vessel vasoconstriction increases blood flow to promote healing.
9. What is the primary definition of heart failure?
A condition where the heart cannot pump effectively
A condition involving irregular heartbeats
A condition characterized by high blood pressure
A condition where the heart is enlarged
10. Which of the following conditions precipitate heart failure in older adults?
hyperthyroidism, family history of heart failure, glaucoma
coronary artery disease, hypertension, smoking
benign prostatic hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, obesity
hypertensive heart disease, macular degeneration, diabetes
11. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
Dyspnea
Cough-cardiac asthma
, Orthopnea
All of these are correct.
12. Describe the significance of preload in relation to cardiac output.
Preload has no relationship with blood pressure.
Preload is only important during exercise and not at rest.
Preload is significant because it influences the stroke volume and,
consequently, cardiac output.
Preload is not significant as it does not affect heart rate.
13. If a patient presents with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis after a known
exposure, which stage of the disease are they likely experiencing?
acute illness
prodromal
recovery
incubation
14. If a patient is diagnosed with induced immune thrombocytopenia, what treatment
strategy might be considered to manage their condition?
Antibiotic treatment
Increased platelet transfusions
Immunosuppressive therapy
Bone marrow transplant
15. Describe how understanding medical conditions can impact patient
outcomes.
REVIEW, DISEASE MECHANISMS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS,
DIAGNOSTIC INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS GRADED A+
1. Describe how fibrin contributes to the process of blood coagulation.
Fibrin acts as a signal for immune response.
Fibrin forms a mesh that stabilizes the clot and prevents further bleeding.
Fibrin enhances the production of red blood cells.
Fibrin breaks down clots to restore blood flow.
2. Formation of the platelet plug requires that _.
macrophages perform diapedesis
blood pressure first drop by least 40% in the aorta
platelets adhere to collagen fibers exposed in the vessel's damaged wall
All of the other options.
erythrocytes cause the precipitation of fibrinogen forming a mesh of fibrin
3. Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with infectious
mononucleosis?
Joint pain
Lymphadenopathy
Sore throat
Fever
,4. What is a common symptom of heart failure?
Weight loss
Increased energy
Decreased urine output
Shortness of breath
5. If a patient presents with fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss, what would
be the most appropriate initial diagnostic step to evaluate for Hodgkin's
lymphoma?
Lymph node biopsy
Complete blood count
CT scan of the abdomen
Chest X-ray
6. Which is the potential complication of infectious mononucleosis?
pneumonia
vasculitis
encephalopathy
splenic rupture
7. If a patient with infectious mononucleosis presents with severe throat pain and
dehydration, what supportive care measures should be prioritized?
Scheduling a tonsillectomy
Recommending bed rest without treatment
Starting antiviral medication
, Administering fluids and pain relief medication
8. Describe the physiological significance of vessel vasoconstriction in the context
of hemostasis.
Vessel vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to minimize blood loss during
injury.
Vessel vasoconstriction has no effect on blood loss.
Vessel vasoconstriction allows for increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Vessel vasoconstriction increases blood flow to promote healing.
9. What is the primary definition of heart failure?
A condition where the heart cannot pump effectively
A condition involving irregular heartbeats
A condition characterized by high blood pressure
A condition where the heart is enlarged
10. Which of the following conditions precipitate heart failure in older adults?
hyperthyroidism, family history of heart failure, glaucoma
coronary artery disease, hypertension, smoking
benign prostatic hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, obesity
hypertensive heart disease, macular degeneration, diabetes
11. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
Dyspnea
Cough-cardiac asthma
, Orthopnea
All of these are correct.
12. Describe the significance of preload in relation to cardiac output.
Preload has no relationship with blood pressure.
Preload is only important during exercise and not at rest.
Preload is significant because it influences the stroke volume and,
consequently, cardiac output.
Preload is not significant as it does not affect heart rate.
13. If a patient presents with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis after a known
exposure, which stage of the disease are they likely experiencing?
acute illness
prodromal
recovery
incubation
14. If a patient is diagnosed with induced immune thrombocytopenia, what treatment
strategy might be considered to manage their condition?
Antibiotic treatment
Increased platelet transfusions
Immunosuppressive therapy
Bone marrow transplant
15. Describe how understanding medical conditions can impact patient
outcomes.
