, BUSI 230 — EXAM 2 PRACTICE
Introduction to Probability and Statistics
Liberty University
100 Original Multiple-Choice Questions | 2026/2027
Independent course-aligned study material; not an official Liberty University examination. The exact Exam 2 topic
sequence may differ by section.
1. A report states that 18% of a surveyed sample preferred express delivery. What is 18% called?
A) A population parameter
B) A sample proportion
C) A sampling frame
D) A random variable's variance
Correct Answer: A sample proportion
Rationale: The 18% was calculated from the sampled customers and is therefore a statistic. The true proportion of all
relevant customers is a population parameter, which the sample proportion can estimate.
2. A warehouse counts every damaged item in its entire annual inventory. What is the resulting
fractionof damaged items?
A) A sample statistic
B) A population parameter
C) A sampling error
D) A confidence bound
Correct Answer: A population parameter
Rationale: Because every inventory item was counted, the fraction describes the complete defined population.
Sampling variability arises from studying a subset, which did not occur in this census.
3. A dashboard labels orders as pending, shipped, or returned. Which measurement scale applies?
A) Nominal
B) Interval
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
Correct Answer: Nominal
Rationale: These labels are categories without a natural magnitude or ranking. Ordinal categories have order, while
interval and ratio scales measure numerical differences.
4. What is the median of the data 3, 8, 8, 12, 19?
BUSI 230 Exam 2 | Original Practice Assessment | 2026/2027 1
, A) 8
B) 12
C) 50
D) 10
Correct Answer: 8
Rationale: After arranging five values in ascending order, the third is the middle observation. The sum or mean does
not replace the median, and an extreme value affects the mean more directly.
5. For values 2, 4, 6, 8, what is the arithmetic mean?
A) 4
B) 20
C) 6
D) 5
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: The total is 20 and the mean is 20 divided by four, yielding 5. The endpoints and total are not themselves
the average.
6. If every sale amount rises by $10, how does its standard deviation change?
A) It doubles
B) It stays unchanged
C) It falls to zero
D) It rises by $10
Correct Answer: It stays unchanged
Rationale: Adding the same constant shifts every observation and the mean by equal amounts. Deviations from the
mean, and therefore the standard deviation, do not change.
7. For the sorted data 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, what is the range?
A) 15
B) 8
C) 6
D) 14
Correct Answer: 14
Rationale: The range is maximum minus minimum, 15 − 1 = 14. It indicates total spread but not how observations are
distributed between those endpoints.
8. A scatterplot slopes downward as advertising price rises and units sold fall. What does it
visuallysuggest?
A) Negative association
BUSI 230 Exam 2 | Original Practice Assessment | 2026/2027 2
Introduction to Probability and Statistics
Liberty University
100 Original Multiple-Choice Questions | 2026/2027
Independent course-aligned study material; not an official Liberty University examination. The exact Exam 2 topic
sequence may differ by section.
1. A report states that 18% of a surveyed sample preferred express delivery. What is 18% called?
A) A population parameter
B) A sample proportion
C) A sampling frame
D) A random variable's variance
Correct Answer: A sample proportion
Rationale: The 18% was calculated from the sampled customers and is therefore a statistic. The true proportion of all
relevant customers is a population parameter, which the sample proportion can estimate.
2. A warehouse counts every damaged item in its entire annual inventory. What is the resulting
fractionof damaged items?
A) A sample statistic
B) A population parameter
C) A sampling error
D) A confidence bound
Correct Answer: A population parameter
Rationale: Because every inventory item was counted, the fraction describes the complete defined population.
Sampling variability arises from studying a subset, which did not occur in this census.
3. A dashboard labels orders as pending, shipped, or returned. Which measurement scale applies?
A) Nominal
B) Interval
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
Correct Answer: Nominal
Rationale: These labels are categories without a natural magnitude or ranking. Ordinal categories have order, while
interval and ratio scales measure numerical differences.
4. What is the median of the data 3, 8, 8, 12, 19?
BUSI 230 Exam 2 | Original Practice Assessment | 2026/2027 1
, A) 8
B) 12
C) 50
D) 10
Correct Answer: 8
Rationale: After arranging five values in ascending order, the third is the middle observation. The sum or mean does
not replace the median, and an extreme value affects the mean more directly.
5. For values 2, 4, 6, 8, what is the arithmetic mean?
A) 4
B) 20
C) 6
D) 5
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: The total is 20 and the mean is 20 divided by four, yielding 5. The endpoints and total are not themselves
the average.
6. If every sale amount rises by $10, how does its standard deviation change?
A) It doubles
B) It stays unchanged
C) It falls to zero
D) It rises by $10
Correct Answer: It stays unchanged
Rationale: Adding the same constant shifts every observation and the mean by equal amounts. Deviations from the
mean, and therefore the standard deviation, do not change.
7. For the sorted data 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, what is the range?
A) 15
B) 8
C) 6
D) 14
Correct Answer: 14
Rationale: The range is maximum minus minimum, 15 − 1 = 14. It indicates total spread but not how observations are
distributed between those endpoints.
8. A scatterplot slopes downward as advertising price rises and units sold fall. What does it
visuallysuggest?
A) Negative association
BUSI 230 Exam 2 | Original Practice Assessment | 2026/2027 2
