CONT580 MODULE TWO QUESTIONS Questions with Correct Solutions
Question:
1. The characteristics regarding internal urethral sphincter includes which of the following?
a. involuntary muscle, controlled by the SNS
b. involuntary muscle & one can visualize the closure during the pelvic exam
c. voluntary muscle & contraction can be visualized
d. voluntary muscle, prevents stress incontinence
Answer:
a the internal urethral sphincter is an involuntary muscle that is innervated by the ANS
specifically by the SNS
Question:
2. The external urethral sphincter is controlled by what nervous system?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. somatic nervous system
d. enteric nervous system
Answer:
c the external urethral sphincter is made up of primarily skeletal muscle. It is controlled by
the SNS, specifically innervated by the Pudendal Nerve
Question:
3. The continence nurse specialist is evaluating a female individual with stress incontinence
and recommends pelvic floor muscle exercises. What anatomical structures are strengthened
by these exercises?
a. detrusor muscle & levator ani
b. internal urethral sphincter & perineal body
c. levator ani and external urethral sphincter
d. urethra and endopelvic fascia
Answer:
c pelvic floor muscle exercises strengthens both the levator ani muscles and external urethral
and anal sphincters thereby improving pelvic organ support and enhancing sphincter muscle
contractility and endurance
, Question:
4. The continence nurse specialist is educating staff regarding optimal bladder control. Which
statement describes the guarding reflex function in maintaining continence?
a. coordinates the storage and elimination cycle of micturition
b. progressively increases outlet resistance in response to bladder filling
c. serves to support the pelvic organs in correct position during exertional activities
d. provides the switch between the bladder filling and bladder emptying
Answer:
b the guarding reflex helps maintain continence by progressively increasing bladder outlet
resistance in response to progressive bladder filling or in a sudden increase of bladder
pressures through pudendal nerve (innervates external urethral sphincter) and sympathetic
activation (innervates internal urethral sphincter).
Question:
5. What type of UI is often seen after a simple prostatectomy due to prostate cancer?
a. stress
b. overflow
c. urge
d. functional
Answer:
a following a simple prostatectomy the individual may experience stress UI b/c the prostatic
urethra was removed which aides in maintaining continence during abrupt increases of
intraabdominal pressure w/ exertional activity
Question:
6. Which of the following has been CLEARLY identified as a risk factor for stress
incontinence?
a. age
b. caffeine intact
c. obesity
d. hysterectomy
Answer:
c obesity has been clearly linked w/ stress incontinence in multiple studies. studies have also
noted that weight loss reduces the prevalence of stress incontinence
Question:
1. The characteristics regarding internal urethral sphincter includes which of the following?
a. involuntary muscle, controlled by the SNS
b. involuntary muscle & one can visualize the closure during the pelvic exam
c. voluntary muscle & contraction can be visualized
d. voluntary muscle, prevents stress incontinence
Answer:
a the internal urethral sphincter is an involuntary muscle that is innervated by the ANS
specifically by the SNS
Question:
2. The external urethral sphincter is controlled by what nervous system?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. somatic nervous system
d. enteric nervous system
Answer:
c the external urethral sphincter is made up of primarily skeletal muscle. It is controlled by
the SNS, specifically innervated by the Pudendal Nerve
Question:
3. The continence nurse specialist is evaluating a female individual with stress incontinence
and recommends pelvic floor muscle exercises. What anatomical structures are strengthened
by these exercises?
a. detrusor muscle & levator ani
b. internal urethral sphincter & perineal body
c. levator ani and external urethral sphincter
d. urethra and endopelvic fascia
Answer:
c pelvic floor muscle exercises strengthens both the levator ani muscles and external urethral
and anal sphincters thereby improving pelvic organ support and enhancing sphincter muscle
contractility and endurance
, Question:
4. The continence nurse specialist is educating staff regarding optimal bladder control. Which
statement describes the guarding reflex function in maintaining continence?
a. coordinates the storage and elimination cycle of micturition
b. progressively increases outlet resistance in response to bladder filling
c. serves to support the pelvic organs in correct position during exertional activities
d. provides the switch between the bladder filling and bladder emptying
Answer:
b the guarding reflex helps maintain continence by progressively increasing bladder outlet
resistance in response to progressive bladder filling or in a sudden increase of bladder
pressures through pudendal nerve (innervates external urethral sphincter) and sympathetic
activation (innervates internal urethral sphincter).
Question:
5. What type of UI is often seen after a simple prostatectomy due to prostate cancer?
a. stress
b. overflow
c. urge
d. functional
Answer:
a following a simple prostatectomy the individual may experience stress UI b/c the prostatic
urethra was removed which aides in maintaining continence during abrupt increases of
intraabdominal pressure w/ exertional activity
Question:
6. Which of the following has been CLEARLY identified as a risk factor for stress
incontinence?
a. age
b. caffeine intact
c. obesity
d. hysterectomy
Answer:
c obesity has been clearly linked w/ stress incontinence in multiple studies. studies have also
noted that weight loss reduces the prevalence of stress incontinence
