COMSAE LEVEL 2 111 Questions with Correct Solutions
Question:
1. prevalence vs incidence
Answer:
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time Incidence - number of new cases
Question:
2. odds ratio vs relative risk
Answer:
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure odds dz+ in
exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed (a/b)/(c/d) ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number
is not the total its the unaffected relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures
and examine who got the disease prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed a/(a+b)
/ c/(c+d)
Question:
3. When is an odds ratio used
Answer:
case-control studies
,Question:
4. When is a relative risk ratio used?
Answer:
RCT or Cohort study
Question:
5. Delayed puberty in girls
Answer:
Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 failure of menarche by 16
Question:
6. delayed puberty in males
Answer:
no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age
18
Question:
7. constitutional growth delay
Answer:
MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains consistent. Often
there is family history Will have delayed bone age
, Question:
8. Bence-Jones proteinuria
Answer:
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reaction light chains are toxic to the renal tubular
epithelium occurs in MM
Question:
9. Multiple myeloma CRAB
Answer:
C: hypercalcemia R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid) A: anemia B: bone lytic
lesions/back pain
Question:
10. concave brittle nails
Answer:
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia koilonychia
Question:
11. diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve
palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly after eating smoked fish
Question:
1. prevalence vs incidence
Answer:
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time Incidence - number of new cases
Question:
2. odds ratio vs relative risk
Answer:
odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure odds dz+ in
exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed (a/b)/(c/d) ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number
is not the total its the unaffected relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures
and examine who got the disease prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed a/(a+b)
/ c/(c+d)
Question:
3. When is an odds ratio used
Answer:
case-control studies
,Question:
4. When is a relative risk ratio used?
Answer:
RCT or Cohort study
Question:
5. Delayed puberty in girls
Answer:
Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 failure of menarche by 16
Question:
6. delayed puberty in males
Answer:
no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age
18
Question:
7. constitutional growth delay
Answer:
MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains consistent. Often
there is family history Will have delayed bone age
, Question:
8. Bence-Jones proteinuria
Answer:
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reaction light chains are toxic to the renal tubular
epithelium occurs in MM
Question:
9. Multiple myeloma CRAB
Answer:
C: hypercalcemia R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid) A: anemia B: bone lytic
lesions/back pain
Question:
10. concave brittle nails
Answer:
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia koilonychia
Question:
11. diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve
palsy, and loss of accommodation suddenly after eating smoked fish
