NSG 533 Exam 1 Comprehensive Review - STUDY BUNDLE
Welcome to your comprehensive review bundle for NSG 533 Exam 1 at Wilkes University. This advanced practice
nursing study guide covers high-yield concepts for Exam 1: Advanced Pathophysiology Heart Failure HFrEF,
Pharmacology Diabetes HTN, Pulmonary PE Pneumonia, GI IBD Crohn UC, Renal Fluid Electrolytes, Thyroid
Disorders Graves Hashimoto, Cardiac Murmurs AFib Angina Tamponade, Arthritis OA vs RA, and Clinical Reasoning.
200 real exam questions with 4 realistic options, correct verified answers highlighted, detailed rationales
evidence-based. Designed for Wilkes University School of Nursing APN students.
Prepare - Review - Succeed - A+ Graded
, NSG 533 Exam 1 Comprehensive Review STUDY BUNDLE | A+ Graded | Wilkes University
200 QUESTIONS - NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES UNIVERSITY - WITH PROFESSIONAL NURSING
COVER - REALISTIC OPTIONS
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 1
What is the primary pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HFrEF?
A. Impaired myocardial contractility inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40%
B. No systolic dysfunction
C. Only diastolic dysfunction
D. Only valvular disease
Answer: A - Impaired myocardial contractility inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40%
Rationale: HFrEF heart failure reduced EF systolic failure: Impaired myocardial contractility due to MI cardiomyopathy
inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40% normal 55-70%. Compensatory RAAS sympathetic activation
leads to remodeling. Treatment ACE/ARNI beta-blocker MRA SGLT2.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 2
What lab best indicates long-term glucose control diabetes?
A. No lab
B. Fasting glucose only one moment
C. Urine glucose only
D. HbA1c reflects average glucose 2-3 months
Answer: D - HbA1c reflects average glucose 2-3 months
Rationale: HbA1c hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose 2-3 months due RBC lifespan 120 days. Goal <7%
most diabetics <6.5% if low hypoglycemia risk <8% if elderly comorbidities. Fructosamine reflects 2-3 weeks if
hemoglobinopathy.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 3
What is first-line for community acquired pneumonia outpatient with comorbidities?
A. Only azithromycin alone insufficient if comorbidities
B. Only vancomycin
C. Beta-lactam amoxicillin-clavulanate plus macrolide azithromycin or respiratory fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin monotherapy
D. No antibiotics
,Answer: C - Beta-lactam amoxicillin-clavulanate plus macrolide azithromycin or respiratory
fluoroquinolone levofloxacin monotherapy
Rationale: CAP outpatient with comorbidities heart lung liver renal diabetes alcoholism: Guidelines ATS/IDSA first-line
amoxicillin-clavulanate or cephalosporin plus macrolide azithromycin or doxycycline or respiratory fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin moxifloxacin monotherapy if no contraindication.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 4
What is difference between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis pathology?
A. No difference
B. Crohn transmural skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus granulomas, UC mucosal continuous rectum to
colon no skip pseudopolyps
C. Same pathology
D. Only UC has granulomas
Answer: B - Crohn transmural skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus granulomas, UC mucosal
continuous rectum to colon no skip pseudopolyps
Rationale: IBD differences: Crohn disease transmural inflammation skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus most
terminal ileum cobblestoning fistulas granulomas non-caseating. Ulcerative colitis mucosal continuous colon starting
rectum upward pseudopolyps crypt abscesses no granulomas increased colon cancer risk.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 5
What is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism PE?
A. CT pulmonary angiography CTPA
B. Chest X-ray
C. D-dimer alone
D. No gold standard
Answer: A - CT pulmonary angiography CTPA
Rationale: PE diagnosis gold standard CT pulmonary angiography CTPA shows filling defect in pulmonary arteries.
D-dimer sensitive but not specific rule out if low pretest probability. Wells score pretest probability. V/Q scan if contrast
contraindicated.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 6
What is first-line for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women?
A. Amoxicillin first-line
B. Ciprofloxacin first-line now avoided
, C. No treatment
D. Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin single dose or TMP-SMX if local resistance <20%
Answer: D - Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin single dose or TMP-SMX if local
resistance <20%
Rationale: Acute uncomplicated cystitis women: First-line nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin 3 g single
dose or TMP-SMX BID 3 days if local E. coli resistance <20%. Avoid fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin first-line due
resistance side effects unless no alternative per IDSA.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 7
What is interpretation of elevated TSH low free T4?
A. Secondary hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure
D. No thyroid disease
Answer: C - Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure
Rationale: Thyroid labs: High TSH low free T4 = Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure Hashimoto most
common. Low TSH high free T4 = Primary hyperthyroidism Graves. High TSH high free T4 pituitary TSH secreting.
Low TSH low free T4 secondary hypothyroidism pituitary failure.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 8
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
A. Graves disease autoimmune TSI antibodies
B. No cause
C. Only thyroid nodule
D. Hashimoto hypothyroidism
Answer: A - Graves disease autoimmune TSI antibodies
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism causes: Most common Graves disease autoimmune stimulating TSH receptor antibodies
TSI leading diffuse goiter exophthalmos pretibial myxedema. Others toxic multinodular goiter toxic adenoma
thyroiditis postpartum. Treatment methimazole PTU first trimester radioactive iodine surgery.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 9
What medication causes hyperkalemia?
A. Only insulin
B. No meds cause
Welcome to your comprehensive review bundle for NSG 533 Exam 1 at Wilkes University. This advanced practice
nursing study guide covers high-yield concepts for Exam 1: Advanced Pathophysiology Heart Failure HFrEF,
Pharmacology Diabetes HTN, Pulmonary PE Pneumonia, GI IBD Crohn UC, Renal Fluid Electrolytes, Thyroid
Disorders Graves Hashimoto, Cardiac Murmurs AFib Angina Tamponade, Arthritis OA vs RA, and Clinical Reasoning.
200 real exam questions with 4 realistic options, correct verified answers highlighted, detailed rationales
evidence-based. Designed for Wilkes University School of Nursing APN students.
Prepare - Review - Succeed - A+ Graded
, NSG 533 Exam 1 Comprehensive Review STUDY BUNDLE | A+ Graded | Wilkes University
200 QUESTIONS - NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES UNIVERSITY - WITH PROFESSIONAL NURSING
COVER - REALISTIC OPTIONS
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 1
What is the primary pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HFrEF?
A. Impaired myocardial contractility inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40%
B. No systolic dysfunction
C. Only diastolic dysfunction
D. Only valvular disease
Answer: A - Impaired myocardial contractility inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40%
Rationale: HFrEF heart failure reduced EF systolic failure: Impaired myocardial contractility due to MI cardiomyopathy
inability to pump adequate cardiac output EF <40% normal 55-70%. Compensatory RAAS sympathetic activation
leads to remodeling. Treatment ACE/ARNI beta-blocker MRA SGLT2.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 2
What lab best indicates long-term glucose control diabetes?
A. No lab
B. Fasting glucose only one moment
C. Urine glucose only
D. HbA1c reflects average glucose 2-3 months
Answer: D - HbA1c reflects average glucose 2-3 months
Rationale: HbA1c hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose 2-3 months due RBC lifespan 120 days. Goal <7%
most diabetics <6.5% if low hypoglycemia risk <8% if elderly comorbidities. Fructosamine reflects 2-3 weeks if
hemoglobinopathy.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 3
What is first-line for community acquired pneumonia outpatient with comorbidities?
A. Only azithromycin alone insufficient if comorbidities
B. Only vancomycin
C. Beta-lactam amoxicillin-clavulanate plus macrolide azithromycin or respiratory fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin monotherapy
D. No antibiotics
,Answer: C - Beta-lactam amoxicillin-clavulanate plus macrolide azithromycin or respiratory
fluoroquinolone levofloxacin monotherapy
Rationale: CAP outpatient with comorbidities heart lung liver renal diabetes alcoholism: Guidelines ATS/IDSA first-line
amoxicillin-clavulanate or cephalosporin plus macrolide azithromycin or doxycycline or respiratory fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin moxifloxacin monotherapy if no contraindication.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 4
What is difference between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis pathology?
A. No difference
B. Crohn transmural skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus granulomas, UC mucosal continuous rectum to
colon no skip pseudopolyps
C. Same pathology
D. Only UC has granulomas
Answer: B - Crohn transmural skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus granulomas, UC mucosal
continuous rectum to colon no skip pseudopolyps
Rationale: IBD differences: Crohn disease transmural inflammation skip lesions anywhere GI mouth to anus most
terminal ileum cobblestoning fistulas granulomas non-caseating. Ulcerative colitis mucosal continuous colon starting
rectum upward pseudopolyps crypt abscesses no granulomas increased colon cancer risk.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 5
What is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism PE?
A. CT pulmonary angiography CTPA
B. Chest X-ray
C. D-dimer alone
D. No gold standard
Answer: A - CT pulmonary angiography CTPA
Rationale: PE diagnosis gold standard CT pulmonary angiography CTPA shows filling defect in pulmonary arteries.
D-dimer sensitive but not specific rule out if low pretest probability. Wells score pretest probability. V/Q scan if contrast
contraindicated.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 6
What is first-line for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women?
A. Amoxicillin first-line
B. Ciprofloxacin first-line now avoided
, C. No treatment
D. Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin single dose or TMP-SMX if local resistance <20%
Answer: D - Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin single dose or TMP-SMX if local
resistance <20%
Rationale: Acute uncomplicated cystitis women: First-line nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID 5 days or fosfomycin 3 g single
dose or TMP-SMX BID 3 days if local E. coli resistance <20%. Avoid fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin first-line due
resistance side effects unless no alternative per IDSA.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 7
What is interpretation of elevated TSH low free T4?
A. Secondary hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure
D. No thyroid disease
Answer: C - Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure
Rationale: Thyroid labs: High TSH low free T4 = Primary hypothyroidism thyroid gland failure Hashimoto most
common. Low TSH high free T4 = Primary hyperthyroidism Graves. High TSH high free T4 pituitary TSH secreting.
Low TSH low free T4 secondary hypothyroidism pituitary failure.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 8
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
A. Graves disease autoimmune TSI antibodies
B. No cause
C. Only thyroid nodule
D. Hashimoto hypothyroidism
Answer: A - Graves disease autoimmune TSI antibodies
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism causes: Most common Graves disease autoimmune stimulating TSH receptor antibodies
TSI leading diffuse goiter exophthalmos pretibial myxedema. Others toxic multinodular goiter toxic adenoma
thyroiditis postpartum. Treatment methimazole PTU first trimester radioactive iodine surgery.
DOMAIN: NSG 533 EXAM 1 - WILKES
Question 9
What medication causes hyperkalemia?
A. Only insulin
B. No meds cause
