PLTW HBS Final Exam Review Newest 2026 || MOST
RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
Which epithelial tissue lines much of the urinary bladder and permits
stretching as the bladder fills?
A. Transitional epithelium
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Stratified columnar epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Answer: A. Transitional epithelium
Rationale: Transitional epithelium, also called urothelium, can change
shape as the bladder expands and empties. It also forms a protective
barrier against urine, which contains waste products that could
damage underlying tissues.
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and
urine formation?
A. Alveolus
B. Neuron
,C. Osteon
D. Nephron
Answer: D. Nephron
Rationale: Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle, where filtration
begins, and a tubular system that modifies the filtrate through
reabsorption and secretion. These processes help regulate water,
electrolytes, and waste removal.
Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement in many
regions of the body?
A. Fibrous joint
B. Synovial joint
C. Immovable suture
D. Cartilaginous joint
Answer: B. Synovial joint
Rationale: Synovial joints have a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
and are generally freely movable. Examples include the shoulder,
knee, and elbow. The amount and direction of movement depend on
the joint's structure.
What is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
A. Motor neuron
B. Tendon
,C. Sarcomere
D. Ligament
Answer: C. Sarcomere
Rationale: The sarcomere is the repeating contractile unit within
myofibrils. Interactions between actin and myosin filaments shorten
sarcomeres during contraction. A motor neuron activates muscle
fibers but is not the muscle's contractile unit.
What primarily causes rigor mortis after death?
A. Depletion of ATP prevents normal detachment of myosin from
actin
B. Excess oxygen permanently relaxes skeletal muscles
C. Increased blood glucose causes bones to stiffen
D. Complete disappearance of all muscle proteins
Answer: A. Depletion of ATP prevents normal detachment of myosin
from actin
Rationale: After death, ATP production stops, and ATP stores are
depleted. Myosin heads can no longer detach normally from actin,
producing muscle stiffness. Rigor mortis develops and eventually
resolves as muscle proteins break down.
Which type of muscle tissue is generally nonstriated and controlled
involuntarily?
A. Skeletal muscle
, B. Cardiac muscle
C. Voluntary muscle
D. Smooth muscle
Answer: D. Smooth muscle
Rationale: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of structures such as
the intestines, blood vessels, and urinary bladder. It lacks the
prominent striations seen in skeletal and cardiac muscle and is
primarily controlled involuntarily.
When a person stands on tiptoe, what movement occurs at the ankle
joint?
A. Dorsiflexion
B. Plantar flexion
C. Inversion
D. Eversion
Answer: B. Plantar flexion
Rationale: Plantar flexion points the foot downward, as when pressing
a pedal or standing on tiptoe. Dorsiflexion raises the front of the foot
toward the shin.
Where does blood from the pulmonary veins enter the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
Which epithelial tissue lines much of the urinary bladder and permits
stretching as the bladder fills?
A. Transitional epithelium
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Stratified columnar epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Answer: A. Transitional epithelium
Rationale: Transitional epithelium, also called urothelium, can change
shape as the bladder expands and empties. It also forms a protective
barrier against urine, which contains waste products that could
damage underlying tissues.
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and
urine formation?
A. Alveolus
B. Neuron
,C. Osteon
D. Nephron
Answer: D. Nephron
Rationale: Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle, where filtration
begins, and a tubular system that modifies the filtrate through
reabsorption and secretion. These processes help regulate water,
electrolytes, and waste removal.
Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement in many
regions of the body?
A. Fibrous joint
B. Synovial joint
C. Immovable suture
D. Cartilaginous joint
Answer: B. Synovial joint
Rationale: Synovial joints have a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
and are generally freely movable. Examples include the shoulder,
knee, and elbow. The amount and direction of movement depend on
the joint's structure.
What is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
A. Motor neuron
B. Tendon
,C. Sarcomere
D. Ligament
Answer: C. Sarcomere
Rationale: The sarcomere is the repeating contractile unit within
myofibrils. Interactions between actin and myosin filaments shorten
sarcomeres during contraction. A motor neuron activates muscle
fibers but is not the muscle's contractile unit.
What primarily causes rigor mortis after death?
A. Depletion of ATP prevents normal detachment of myosin from
actin
B. Excess oxygen permanently relaxes skeletal muscles
C. Increased blood glucose causes bones to stiffen
D. Complete disappearance of all muscle proteins
Answer: A. Depletion of ATP prevents normal detachment of myosin
from actin
Rationale: After death, ATP production stops, and ATP stores are
depleted. Myosin heads can no longer detach normally from actin,
producing muscle stiffness. Rigor mortis develops and eventually
resolves as muscle proteins break down.
Which type of muscle tissue is generally nonstriated and controlled
involuntarily?
A. Skeletal muscle
, B. Cardiac muscle
C. Voluntary muscle
D. Smooth muscle
Answer: D. Smooth muscle
Rationale: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of structures such as
the intestines, blood vessels, and urinary bladder. It lacks the
prominent striations seen in skeletal and cardiac muscle and is
primarily controlled involuntarily.
When a person stands on tiptoe, what movement occurs at the ankle
joint?
A. Dorsiflexion
B. Plantar flexion
C. Inversion
D. Eversion
Answer: B. Plantar flexion
Rationale: Plantar flexion points the foot downward, as when pressing
a pedal or standing on tiptoe. Dorsiflexion raises the front of the foot
toward the shin.
Where does blood from the pulmonary veins enter the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
