NSG 122 Exam 1 V1 | NSG 122 Nursing
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026 Q&A with
Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is conducting an initial assessment on a newly admitted patient. Which action
represents the assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. Administering prescribed pain medication.
B. Identifying that the patient is at risk for falls.
C. Setting a goal for the patient to walk 50 feet by the end of the shift.
D. Collecting data regarding the patient’s respiratory rate and lung sounds.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves systematic
data collection. By measuring vital signs and auscultating lung sounds, the nurse is
gathering baseline objective data. This phase is critical for determining the patient’s health
status before moving to diagnosis or planning.
2. When providing perineal care for a female patient, which action by the nurse is essential to
prevent infection?
A. Cleaning from the rectal area toward the pubic area.
B. Cleaning from the pubic area toward the rectal area.
C. Using the same section of the washcloth for the entire procedure.
,D. Keeping the patient in a prone position throughout the care.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cleaning from the pubic area toward the rectal area (front to back) reduces
the risk of introducing fecal bacteria into the urinary tract. This practice is a fundamental
principle of infection control in hygiene. Improper technique significantly increases the risk
of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which level of prevention is
represented by providing immunizations?
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Primary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and protection against
specific diseases before they occur. Immunizations are a classic example of this because
they help the body build immunity to prevent illness. Secondary and tertiary prevention
focus on early detection and rehabilitation, respectively.
4. A patient refuses a scheduled blood pressure medication. Which ethical principle is the
nurse upholding by respecting the patient’s decision?
A. Autonomy
, B. Justice
C. Beneficence
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. Even if the nurse believes the medication is necessary, the patient has
the right to refuse treatment. The nurse’s role is to provide information and support the
patient’s self-determination.
5. The nurse is preparing to document a patient’s care in the electronic health record. Which
entry is considered an objective finding?
A. Patient states, ‘I feel very nauseous today.’
B. Patient appears to be in a bad mood.
C. The patient’s spouse says the patient slept poorly.
D. Pitting edema (2+) noted in the bilateral lower extremities.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Objective data are observable and measurable facts, such as physical exam
findings or vital signs. Subjective data, conversely, are what the patient or family members
report feeling or experiencing. Documentation must prioritize objective evidence to ensure
accuracy and clinical clarity in the medical record.
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026 Q&A with
Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is conducting an initial assessment on a newly admitted patient. Which action
represents the assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. Administering prescribed pain medication.
B. Identifying that the patient is at risk for falls.
C. Setting a goal for the patient to walk 50 feet by the end of the shift.
D. Collecting data regarding the patient’s respiratory rate and lung sounds.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves systematic
data collection. By measuring vital signs and auscultating lung sounds, the nurse is
gathering baseline objective data. This phase is critical for determining the patient’s health
status before moving to diagnosis or planning.
2. When providing perineal care for a female patient, which action by the nurse is essential to
prevent infection?
A. Cleaning from the rectal area toward the pubic area.
B. Cleaning from the pubic area toward the rectal area.
C. Using the same section of the washcloth for the entire procedure.
,D. Keeping the patient in a prone position throughout the care.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cleaning from the pubic area toward the rectal area (front to back) reduces
the risk of introducing fecal bacteria into the urinary tract. This practice is a fundamental
principle of infection control in hygiene. Improper technique significantly increases the risk
of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which level of prevention is
represented by providing immunizations?
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Primary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and protection against
specific diseases before they occur. Immunizations are a classic example of this because
they help the body build immunity to prevent illness. Secondary and tertiary prevention
focus on early detection and rehabilitation, respectively.
4. A patient refuses a scheduled blood pressure medication. Which ethical principle is the
nurse upholding by respecting the patient’s decision?
A. Autonomy
, B. Justice
C. Beneficence
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. Even if the nurse believes the medication is necessary, the patient has
the right to refuse treatment. The nurse’s role is to provide information and support the
patient’s self-determination.
5. The nurse is preparing to document a patient’s care in the electronic health record. Which
entry is considered an objective finding?
A. Patient states, ‘I feel very nauseous today.’
B. Patient appears to be in a bad mood.
C. The patient’s spouse says the patient slept poorly.
D. Pitting edema (2+) noted in the bilateral lower extremities.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Objective data are observable and measurable facts, such as physical exam
findings or vital signs. Subjective data, conversely, are what the patient or family members
report feeling or experiencing. Documentation must prioritize objective evidence to ensure
accuracy and clinical clarity in the medical record.
