NSG 122 Exam 1 V3 | NSG 122 Nursing
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026 Q&A with
Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Under which
circumstance is it mandatory for the nurse to use soap and water instead of an alcohol-based
hand rub?
A. After touching the client’s intact skin.
B. After removing clean gloves used for a routine assessment.
C. When the hands are visibly soiled with blood or body fluids.
D. Before entering the room of a client on standard precautions.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Soap and water must be used when hands are visibly soiled or contaminated
with blood and body fluids. Alcohol-based rubs are not effective in removing physical dirt
or organic material from the skin surface. This practice is a critical component of infection
control to prevent the transmission of pathogens in the clinical setting.
2. The nurse is implementing the nursing process for a client with a new diagnosis. Which of
the following activities occurs during the ‘Evaluation’ phase?
A. Comparing the client’s current health status with the desired outcomes.
B. Identifying potential risks and nursing diagnoses.
,C. Carrying out the planned nursing interventions.
D. Setting priorities for client care.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The evaluation phase involves comparing the client’s response to nursing
actions against the goals set during the planning phase. This step determines if the nursing
interventions were effective or if the plan of care needs modification. It is a continuous
process that ensures the client is moving toward optimal health outcomes.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is at high risk for falls. Which intervention is the priority to
ensure client safety?
A. Keep all four side rails in the upright position.
B. Place the client’s bed in the lowest position.
C. Request a prescription for physical restraints.
D. Apply a vest restraint while the client is in a chair.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Keeping the bed in the lowest position reduces the distance a client might
fall, thereby minimizing potential injury. Using all four side rails is often considered a form
of restraint and can lead to more serious injuries if the client attempts to climb over them.
The nurse should always implement the least restrictive measures first to maintain safety.
, 4. A nurse is measuring a client’s blood pressure and finds the reading is significantly higher
than the client’s baseline. What should the nurse do first?
A. Document the finding in the electronic health record.
B. Administer an as-needed antihypertensive medication.
C. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
D. Recheck the blood pressure in the other arm after a short rest period.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Initial unexpected findings should be verified to ensure accuracy before
taking further clinical action. The nurse should allow the client to rest, as anxiety or recent
activity can temporarily elevate blood pressure. Validating the data is a key part of the
assessment phase of the nursing process.
5. Which ethical principle is the nurse demonstrating when they respect a client’s right to
refuse a prescribed medication?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026 Q&A with
Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Under which
circumstance is it mandatory for the nurse to use soap and water instead of an alcohol-based
hand rub?
A. After touching the client’s intact skin.
B. After removing clean gloves used for a routine assessment.
C. When the hands are visibly soiled with blood or body fluids.
D. Before entering the room of a client on standard precautions.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Soap and water must be used when hands are visibly soiled or contaminated
with blood and body fluids. Alcohol-based rubs are not effective in removing physical dirt
or organic material from the skin surface. This practice is a critical component of infection
control to prevent the transmission of pathogens in the clinical setting.
2. The nurse is implementing the nursing process for a client with a new diagnosis. Which of
the following activities occurs during the ‘Evaluation’ phase?
A. Comparing the client’s current health status with the desired outcomes.
B. Identifying potential risks and nursing diagnoses.
,C. Carrying out the planned nursing interventions.
D. Setting priorities for client care.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The evaluation phase involves comparing the client’s response to nursing
actions against the goals set during the planning phase. This step determines if the nursing
interventions were effective or if the plan of care needs modification. It is a continuous
process that ensures the client is moving toward optimal health outcomes.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is at high risk for falls. Which intervention is the priority to
ensure client safety?
A. Keep all four side rails in the upright position.
B. Place the client’s bed in the lowest position.
C. Request a prescription for physical restraints.
D. Apply a vest restraint while the client is in a chair.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Keeping the bed in the lowest position reduces the distance a client might
fall, thereby minimizing potential injury. Using all four side rails is often considered a form
of restraint and can lead to more serious injuries if the client attempts to climb over them.
The nurse should always implement the least restrictive measures first to maintain safety.
, 4. A nurse is measuring a client’s blood pressure and finds the reading is significantly higher
than the client’s baseline. What should the nurse do first?
A. Document the finding in the electronic health record.
B. Administer an as-needed antihypertensive medication.
C. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
D. Recheck the blood pressure in the other arm after a short rest period.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Initial unexpected findings should be verified to ensure accuracy before
taking further clinical action. The nurse should allow the client to rest, as anxiety or recent
activity can temporarily elevate blood pressure. Validating the data is a key part of the
assessment phase of the nursing process.
5. Which ethical principle is the nurse demonstrating when they respect a client’s right to
refuse a prescribed medication?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
