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4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
AUD
1
Audit Reports
Module
1 Professional Standards 3
2 Audit Engagements 7
3 Forming an Audit Opinion 15
4 Unmodified (Unqualified) Opinion 19
5 Modified Opinions Due to Financial Statement Issues 33
6 Modified Opinions Due to Audit Issues 45
7 Emphasis-of-Matter, Other-Matter, and
Explanatory Paragraphs 57
8 Reporting With Different Opinions and Other Auditors 65
9 Subsequent Events 77
10 Other Information and Supplementary Information 83
11 Special Purpose Frameworks 91
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-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
,@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
NOTES
A1–2 © Becker Professional Education Corporation. All rights reserved.
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-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
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4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
MODULE
1 Professional Standards AUD 1
1 Professional Standards
The Auditing and Attestation section tests audits of issuers, nonissuers, governmental entities,
not‑for‑profit entities, and employee benefit plans. In addition to audits, this section also
tests other types of engagements that an accountant may be called upon to perform, such as
accounting and review service engagements and attestation and assurance engagements. Each
engagement requires the accountant to follow the applicable ethical guideline(s) and standard(s)
for the engagement. For example, an audit engagement requires the auditor to perform the
audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). These engagements and
applicable standards will be covered in more detail in later modules.
Below is an overview of standards and guidelines that will be tested in this section:
Professional Standards and Guidelines
Standard/ Section Standard‑
Guideline Reference Setting Body Description Applies to:
Audits
Statements AU-C AICPA SAS provide generally Audits of annual
on Auditing Auditing accepted auditing historical financial
Standards Standards standards for the audits of statements: nonissuers
(SAS) Board nonissuers. In addition,
SAS provide guidance for
Special reports:
nonissuers
other services, such as
review of interim financial Interim financial
information and letters to statements (where
underwriters. the annual financial
statements have been
audited): nonissuers
Public PCAOB AS Public PCAOB AS provide Audits of annual
Company Company generally accepted auditing historical financial
Accounting Accounting standards for the audits of statements: issuers
Oversight Oversight issuers. In addition, PCAOB
Board Board AS provide guidance for
Special reports: issuers
Auditing other services, such as Interim financial
Standards review of interim financial statements: issuers
(PCAOB AS) information and letters to
underwriters.
Generally GAGAS Governmental GAGAS provide guidance Financial or performance
Accepted Accountability for audits of government audits of government
Government Office organizations, programs, organizations, programs,
Auditing activities, and of entities activities, and of
Standards that receive government entities that receive
(GAGAS) funds. government funds.
© Becker Professional Education Corporation. All rights reserved. Module 1 A1–3
@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
,@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
1 Professional Standards AUD 1
Standard/ Section Standard‑
Guideline Reference Setting Body Description Applies to:
Other Engagements
Statements AT-C AICPA SSAE provide guidance Examination, a review, or
on Standards for attestation agreed-upon procedures
for Attestation engagements. report on a subject matter,
Engagements or an assertion about
(SSAE) a subject matter, that
is the responsibility of
another party.
Statements AR-C AICPA SSARS provide guidance Preparation,
on Standards Accounting for unaudited financial compilation, and reviews
for Accounting and Review statements or unaudited of historical financial
and Review Services financial information of statements: nonissuers
Services Committee nonissuers.
(SSARS)
Preparation or
compilation of pro forma
financial information and
forecasts: nonissuers
Guidelines
Code of ET AICPA The AICPA Code of Members of the AICPA
Professional Professional Conduct
Conduct provides members with
guidelines for behavior
in the conduct of their
professional affairs. In
addition, it provides
assurance to the public
that the profession
intends to maintain
high standards and to
enforce compliance
with these standards by
its members.
Statements on QC AICPA SQCS provides guidance CPA firms providing
Quality Control to CPA firms about a auditing, attestation, and
Standards quality control system. accounting and review
(SQCS) A quality control system services.
consists of policies and
procedures designed,
implemented, and
maintained to ensure
that the firm complies
with professional
standards and
appropriate legal and
regulatory requirements,
and that any reports
issued are appropriate in
the circumstances.
A1–4 Module 1 © Becker Professional Education Corporation.Professional Standards
All rights reserved.
@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
AUD
1
Audit Reports
Module
1 Professional Standards 3
2 Audit Engagements 7
3 Forming an Audit Opinion 15
4 Unmodified (Unqualified) Opinion 19
5 Modified Opinions Due to Financial Statement Issues 33
6 Modified Opinions Due to Audit Issues 45
7 Emphasis-of-Matter, Other-Matter, and
Explanatory Paragraphs 57
8 Reporting With Different Opinions and Other Auditors 65
9 Subsequent Events 77
10 Other Information and Supplementary Information 83
11 Special Purpose Frameworks 91
@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
,@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
AUD-V1 20242026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
NOTES
A1–2 © Becker Professional Education Corporation. All rights reserved.
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-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
2026/10/19AUD-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+
1:39:29 PM
,@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
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1:39:29 PM
MODULE
1 Professional Standards AUD 1
1 Professional Standards
The Auditing and Attestation section tests audits of issuers, nonissuers, governmental entities,
not‑for‑profit entities, and employee benefit plans. In addition to audits, this section also
tests other types of engagements that an accountant may be called upon to perform, such as
accounting and review service engagements and attestation and assurance engagements. Each
engagement requires the accountant to follow the applicable ethical guideline(s) and standard(s)
for the engagement. For example, an audit engagement requires the auditor to perform the
audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). These engagements and
applicable standards will be covered in more detail in later modules.
Below is an overview of standards and guidelines that will be tested in this section:
Professional Standards and Guidelines
Standard/ Section Standard‑
Guideline Reference Setting Body Description Applies to:
Audits
Statements AU-C AICPA SAS provide generally Audits of annual
on Auditing Auditing accepted auditing historical financial
Standards Standards standards for the audits of statements: nonissuers
(SAS) Board nonissuers. In addition,
SAS provide guidance for
Special reports:
nonissuers
other services, such as
review of interim financial Interim financial
information and letters to statements (where
underwriters. the annual financial
statements have been
audited): nonissuers
Public PCAOB AS Public PCAOB AS provide Audits of annual
Company Company generally accepted auditing historical financial
Accounting Accounting standards for the audits of statements: issuers
Oversight Oversight issuers. In addition, PCAOB
Board Board AS provide guidance for
Special reports: issuers
Auditing other services, such as Interim financial
Standards review of interim financial statements: issuers
(PCAOB AS) information and letters to
underwriters.
Generally GAGAS Governmental GAGAS provide guidance Financial or performance
Accepted Accountability for audits of government audits of government
Government Office organizations, programs, organizations, programs,
Auditing activities, and of entities activities, and of
Standards that receive government entities that receive
(GAGAS) funds. government funds.
© Becker Professional Education Corporation. All rights reserved. Module 1 A1–3
@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
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1:39:29 PM
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4.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89
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1:39:29 PM
1 Professional Standards AUD 1
Standard/ Section Standard‑
Guideline Reference Setting Body Description Applies to:
Other Engagements
Statements AT-C AICPA SSAE provide guidance Examination, a review, or
on Standards for attestation agreed-upon procedures
for Attestation engagements. report on a subject matter,
Engagements or an assertion about
(SSAE) a subject matter, that
is the responsibility of
another party.
Statements AR-C AICPA SSARS provide guidance Preparation,
on Standards Accounting for unaudited financial compilation, and reviews
for Accounting and Review statements or unaudited of historical financial
and Review Services financial information of statements: nonissuers
Services Committee nonissuers.
(SSARS)
Preparation or
compilation of pro forma
financial information and
forecasts: nonissuers
Guidelines
Code of ET AICPA The AICPA Code of Members of the AICPA
Professional Professional Conduct
Conduct provides members with
guidelines for behavior
in the conduct of their
professional affairs. In
addition, it provides
assurance to the public
that the profession
intends to maintain
high standards and to
enforce compliance
with these standards by
its members.
Statements on QC AICPA SQCS provides guidance CPA firms providing
Quality Control to CPA firms about a auditing, attestation, and
Standards quality control system. accounting and review
(SQCS) A quality control system services.
consists of policies and
procedures designed,
implemented, and
maintained to ensure
that the firm complies
with professional
standards and
appropriate legal and
regulatory requirements,
and that any reports
issued are appropriate in
the circumstances.
A1–4 Module 1 © Becker Professional Education Corporation.Professional Standards
All rights reserved.
@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
-V1 2024.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@
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1:39:29 PM
