BIO 1350 – HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II:
LABORATORY | EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | 2026/2027
BIO 1350: Human Anatomy & Physiology II, Laboratory
1. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
ANSWER : To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
throughout the body.
2. Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
ANSWER : Right atrium. It receives blood through the superior and
inferior venae cavae.
3. Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
ANSWER : Right ventricle. It sends blood through the pulmonary trunk
and pulmonary arteries.
4. Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
ANSWER : Left atrium. Pulmonary veins deliver oxygen-rich blood to this
chamber.
5. Which chamber pumps blood into systemic circulation?
ANSWER : Left ventricle. Its thick muscular wall generates the pressure
required to circulate blood throughout the body.
6. Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?
, ANSWER : Tricuspid valve. The valve prevents blood from flowing
backward into the right atrium.
7. Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
ANSWER : Mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve.
8. Which valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?
ANSWER : Pulmonary semilunar valve. The valve prevents backflow into
the right ventricle.
9. Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?
ANSWER : Aortic semilunar valve.
10. What is the largest artery in the body?
ANSWER : Aorta. The aorta distributes oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle to systemic arteries.
11. What is the primary function of arteries?
ANSWER : To carry blood away from the heart.
12. What is the primary function of veins?
ANSWER : To carry blood toward the heart.
13. Which blood vessels are the main sites of gas and nutrient exchange?
ANSWER : Capillaries. Their thin walls permit diffusion between blood
and surrounding tissues.
14. Which heart chamber has the thickest myocardium?
ANSWER : Left ventricle. It must generate sufficient pressure to propel
blood through systemic circulation.
15. What structure separates the right and left sides of the heart?
ANSWER : The septum. The interatrial and interventricular septa
separate the corresponding chambers.
16. What is the myocardium?
ANSWER : The muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for
contraction.
17. What is the endocardium?
, ANSWER : The smooth inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.
18. What is the pericardium?
ANSWER : The protective sac surrounding the heart.
19. What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
ANSWER : It initiates the electrical impulses that normally establish the
heart's rhythm.
20. Where is the sinoatrial node located?
ANSWER : In the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior
vena cava.
21. What is the function of the atrioventricular node?
ANSWER : It briefly delays electrical conduction before impulses travel
toward the ventricles.
22. What does an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) record?
ANSWER : Electrical activity associated with the heart's operation.
23. What does the P wave represent on an ECG?
ANSWER : Atrial depolarization.
24. What does the QRS complex represent?
ANSWER : Ventricular depolarization. Atrial repolarization occurs at
approximately the same time and is usually obscured.
25. What does the T wave represent?
ANSWER : Ventricular repolarization.
26. What is heart rate?
ANSWER : The number of heartbeats per minute.
27. What is stroke volume?
ANSWER : The volume of blood ejected by one ventricle during a single
heartbeat.
28. How is cardiac output calculated?
ANSWER : Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume.
LABORATORY | EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | 2026/2027
BIO 1350: Human Anatomy & Physiology II, Laboratory
1. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
ANSWER : To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
throughout the body.
2. Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
ANSWER : Right atrium. It receives blood through the superior and
inferior venae cavae.
3. Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
ANSWER : Right ventricle. It sends blood through the pulmonary trunk
and pulmonary arteries.
4. Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
ANSWER : Left atrium. Pulmonary veins deliver oxygen-rich blood to this
chamber.
5. Which chamber pumps blood into systemic circulation?
ANSWER : Left ventricle. Its thick muscular wall generates the pressure
required to circulate blood throughout the body.
6. Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?
, ANSWER : Tricuspid valve. The valve prevents blood from flowing
backward into the right atrium.
7. Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
ANSWER : Mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve.
8. Which valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?
ANSWER : Pulmonary semilunar valve. The valve prevents backflow into
the right ventricle.
9. Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?
ANSWER : Aortic semilunar valve.
10. What is the largest artery in the body?
ANSWER : Aorta. The aorta distributes oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle to systemic arteries.
11. What is the primary function of arteries?
ANSWER : To carry blood away from the heart.
12. What is the primary function of veins?
ANSWER : To carry blood toward the heart.
13. Which blood vessels are the main sites of gas and nutrient exchange?
ANSWER : Capillaries. Their thin walls permit diffusion between blood
and surrounding tissues.
14. Which heart chamber has the thickest myocardium?
ANSWER : Left ventricle. It must generate sufficient pressure to propel
blood through systemic circulation.
15. What structure separates the right and left sides of the heart?
ANSWER : The septum. The interatrial and interventricular septa
separate the corresponding chambers.
16. What is the myocardium?
ANSWER : The muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for
contraction.
17. What is the endocardium?
, ANSWER : The smooth inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.
18. What is the pericardium?
ANSWER : The protective sac surrounding the heart.
19. What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
ANSWER : It initiates the electrical impulses that normally establish the
heart's rhythm.
20. Where is the sinoatrial node located?
ANSWER : In the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior
vena cava.
21. What is the function of the atrioventricular node?
ANSWER : It briefly delays electrical conduction before impulses travel
toward the ventricles.
22. What does an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) record?
ANSWER : Electrical activity associated with the heart's operation.
23. What does the P wave represent on an ECG?
ANSWER : Atrial depolarization.
24. What does the QRS complex represent?
ANSWER : Ventricular depolarization. Atrial repolarization occurs at
approximately the same time and is usually obscured.
25. What does the T wave represent?
ANSWER : Ventricular repolarization.
26. What is heart rate?
ANSWER : The number of heartbeats per minute.
27. What is stroke volume?
ANSWER : The volume of blood ejected by one ventricle during a single
heartbeat.
28. How is cardiac output calculated?
ANSWER : Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume.
