for Understanding Pathophysiology By Sue E Huether Kathryn L McCance QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A LATEST UPDATE 2026
Understanding Pathophysiology by Huether and McCance 2026 | Verified Answers A+ Rated Total Body Water (TBW) - answer - The sum of fluids within all body compartments 60% of body weight in adults *Rest of body composed fat and fat-free solids (bone) Intracellular fluid (ICF) - answer - Comprises all fluids within cells 2/3 of TBW Extracellular fluid (ECF) - answer - comprises all fluid outside of cell 1/3 of TBW includes Interstitial fluid & intramuscular fluid also includes lymph & transcellular fluids (synovial intestinal, cerebrospinal fluid), sweat, urine, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, intraocular fluids Interstitial fluid - answer - Space between cells and outside blood vessels Intramuscular Fluid - answer - Blood plasma What are the 3 primary sources of body water? - answer - 1- drinking 2- water ingested in food 3- water derived from oxidation metabolism hydrostatic pressure - answer - pushes water osmotic/oncotic pressure - answer - pulls water Filtration - answer - if fluid moves out of the capillary into interstitial space reabsorption - answer - if fluid moves back into the capillary from the interstitial space Net Filtration/ Starling Forces - answer - the forces of filtration and reabsorption working together forces favoring filtration- forces opposing filtration Forces Favoring Filtration - answer - Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) +interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling) Forces opposing filtration - answer - capillary oncotic pressure +interstitial hydrostatic pressure 4 forces that determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs - answer - 1- capillary hydrostatic pressure 2-capillary oncotic pressure 3-Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 4-Interstitial oncotic pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure - answer - the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial place (being pushed out) capillary oncotic pressure - answer - osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary (pulls) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure - answer - facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary (pushes) interstitial oncotic pressure - answer - osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space (pulls) Aquaporins - answer - a family of water channel proteins that provide permeability to water how water moves freely by diffusion through the lipid bilayer cell membrane Edema - answer - excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces Thrombophelebitis - answer - inflammation of veins Common causes of venous obstruction - answer - Thrombophelebitis hepatic obstruction tight clothing around extremities prolonged standing Lymphedema - answer - when lymphatic channels are blocked or surgically removed causes proteins and fluid accumulate in the interstitial space Localized Edema - answer - usually limited to site of trauma, as in sprained finger another type occurs when particular organ systems including cerebral, pulmonary, and laryngeal ; pleaural effusion; pericardial effusion; ascites life-threatening if includes brain, lung, larynx Pleural Effusion - answer - fluid accumulation in pleural spaces Pericardial Effusion - answer - fluid accumulation within the membrane around the heart Ascites - answer - accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space Generalized Edema - answer - manifested by a more uniform distribution of fluid in interstitial space Dependent Edema - answer - fluid accumulates in gravity-dependent areas of the body IE. feet, and legs when standing Buttocks in supine position Pitting Edema - answer - when a pit left in the skin indicates edema Antidiruetic hormone (ADH) - answer - Vasopressin regulates water balance secreted when plasma osmolarity increases or circulating blood volume decreases and BP drops secretion also when atrial pressure drops increases water reabsorption into plasma from distal tubules and collecting ducts of
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