STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
WGU D444 OA ···
EXAM
ADULT HEALTH 2 ·
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
2026 \2027 UPDATED
Fundamentals of Nursing
1
LecClara Stuvia | Page 1 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
3+ criteria for metabolic syndrome - Correct Answer✅-B- BP meds or high BP (over
···
130 systolic)
·
B - blood sugar meds or high blood sugar (100+ fasting) ·
O- obese waist size
·
L- lipids (high cholesterol)
·
abdominal surgery (risks) - Correct Answer✅-paralytic ileus - muscles of intestine
···
stop working ···
due to handling of intestines during surgery (priority to inspect abdomen for
···
distribution)
·
ACS - Correct Answer✅-acute coronary syndrome
···
ACS (definition) - Correct Answer✅-any condition brought on by reduced/blocked
blood flow to heart
addison's disease - Correct Answer✅-adrenal insufficiency (hypofunctioning - doesn't
produce enough cortisol)
addison's disease (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-hypercalcemia, decreased
serum cortisol, anorexia/weight loss, hyponatremia, vitiligo/hyperpigmentation
AHTR - Correct Answer✅-acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
AHTR (priority) - Correct Answer✅-discontinue blood, flush with saline, send all
blood supplies back to blood bank, and contact HCP
AHTR (signs and symptoms - Correct Answer✅-chills, fever, pain (especially along the
IV line, in the back, or in the chest), hypotension, dark urine
ALS - Correct Answer✅-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS (definition) - Correct Answer✅-rare progressive neuromuscular disorder marked
by the loss of motor neurons
unknown cause
more common in white, men, and military veterans
approx 10% genetic
ALS (interventions) - Correct Answer✅-facilitate communication, reduce aspiration
risk, early identification of respiratory problems, decrease pain, decrease fall risk,
provide diversional activities, provide compassionate end-of-life care
ALS (meds) - Correct Answer✅-(may slow decline)
riluzole and edaravone
2
LecClara Stuvia | Page 2 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
ALS (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-pain, sleep disorder, spasticity,
hyperreflexia, drooling, emotional lability, constipation, esophageal reflux, progressive
muscle weakness and atrophy
aortic dissection (definition) - Correct Answer✅-inner layer of aorta tears separating
into 2 channels
true lumen: natural passage
false lumen: new channel, prevents blood flowing properly to rest of the body
aortic dissection (diagnostic) - Correct Answer✅-stat CT scan
aortic dissection (higher risk) - Correct Answer✅-60-70 year old patients
aortic dissection (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-intense, sudden onset back
pain, hypotension, stroke like symptoms: unilateral weakness and difficulty speaking,
difference in BP between arms, decreases level of consciousness
aortic dissection (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-surgery and beta blockers
appendicitis (emergency) - Correct Answer✅-pain suddenly disappears, signs of a
rupture
appendicitis (lab values) - Correct Answer✅-elevated WBC, leukocytes w/ shift right
arterial steal syndrome - Correct Answer✅-results from vascular insufficiency after
creation of a fistula
pallor, diminished pulse, left hand pain
asthma (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-wheezing and both lungs affected
asthma (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-bronchodialators, O2 supplementation, PFTs
autonomic neuropathy - Correct Answer✅-type of diabetic neuropathy that affects all
symptoms and can lead to hypoglycemic unawareness
AV fistula - Correct Answer✅-joining of an artery and vein together; used in some
dialysis patients to reduce risk of infection
assess patency by palpating for thrill (buzz) and bruit (swoosh)
bacterial meningitis (definition) - Correct Answer✅-life-threatening infection of the
membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord
bacterial meningitis (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-fever, headache, stiff
neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, sensitivity to light, rash
bacterial meningitis (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-antibiotics
3
LecClara Stuvia | Page 3 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
beta blockers - Correct Answer✅-reduce cardiac output and are contraindicated in
patients with acutr HF
bulbar onset ALS - Correct Answer✅-problem speaking (e.g., slurred speech, sounds
like they're drunk)
bypass surgery post-op (diet) - Correct Answer✅-small frequent meals 4-6x daily
wait 30min pre/post eating to drink
consume protein first
NO SUGAR, ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE
liquid diet first 48hrs then pureed diet for 1month
bypass surgery post-op (teaching) - Correct Answer✅-pouch holds 1-2oz at a time
(size of egg)
NO NSAIDS
will need to consume multivitamins and supplements (B12, calcium, iron)
medications should either be crushed or chewable
CAPD - Correct Answer✅-continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAPD - Correct Answer✅-no machinery is used, manual procedure
tube permanently inserted through abdomen to allow dialysate to be emptied and
replaced daily
cardiac tamponade (definition) - Correct Answer✅-compression of heart caused by
fluid collecting in sac surrounding heart
cardiac tamponade (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-tachycardia,
distant/muffled heart sounds, jugular vein distribution, failing BP
cast care (risks) - Correct Answer✅-hot spots, compartment syndrome, infection, pain,
neuro change, capillary refill change
cervical injury (priority) - Correct Answer✅-keep the patient still, avoid moving head
or neck (if necessary to move keep head, neck, and back aligned)
chest pain VS heart attack - Correct Answer✅-chest pain: pressure, tightness, or
squeezing in the chest
heart attack: more intense, prolonged pain that may radiate to the arm, jaw, or back,
accompanied by other symptoms
chronic bronchitis - Correct Answer✅-inflammation of bronchial tubes; excessive
mucus production as a result (BLUE BLOATER)
CKD - Correct Answer✅-chronic kidney disease
4
LecClara Stuvia | Page 4 of 60
WGU D444 OA ···
EXAM
ADULT HEALTH 2 ·
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
2026 \2027 UPDATED
Fundamentals of Nursing
1
LecClara Stuvia | Page 1 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
3+ criteria for metabolic syndrome - Correct Answer✅-B- BP meds or high BP (over
···
130 systolic)
·
B - blood sugar meds or high blood sugar (100+ fasting) ·
O- obese waist size
·
L- lipids (high cholesterol)
·
abdominal surgery (risks) - Correct Answer✅-paralytic ileus - muscles of intestine
···
stop working ···
due to handling of intestines during surgery (priority to inspect abdomen for
···
distribution)
·
ACS - Correct Answer✅-acute coronary syndrome
···
ACS (definition) - Correct Answer✅-any condition brought on by reduced/blocked
blood flow to heart
addison's disease - Correct Answer✅-adrenal insufficiency (hypofunctioning - doesn't
produce enough cortisol)
addison's disease (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-hypercalcemia, decreased
serum cortisol, anorexia/weight loss, hyponatremia, vitiligo/hyperpigmentation
AHTR - Correct Answer✅-acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
AHTR (priority) - Correct Answer✅-discontinue blood, flush with saline, send all
blood supplies back to blood bank, and contact HCP
AHTR (signs and symptoms - Correct Answer✅-chills, fever, pain (especially along the
IV line, in the back, or in the chest), hypotension, dark urine
ALS - Correct Answer✅-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS (definition) - Correct Answer✅-rare progressive neuromuscular disorder marked
by the loss of motor neurons
unknown cause
more common in white, men, and military veterans
approx 10% genetic
ALS (interventions) - Correct Answer✅-facilitate communication, reduce aspiration
risk, early identification of respiratory problems, decrease pain, decrease fall risk,
provide diversional activities, provide compassionate end-of-life care
ALS (meds) - Correct Answer✅-(may slow decline)
riluzole and edaravone
2
LecClara Stuvia | Page 2 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
ALS (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-pain, sleep disorder, spasticity,
hyperreflexia, drooling, emotional lability, constipation, esophageal reflux, progressive
muscle weakness and atrophy
aortic dissection (definition) - Correct Answer✅-inner layer of aorta tears separating
into 2 channels
true lumen: natural passage
false lumen: new channel, prevents blood flowing properly to rest of the body
aortic dissection (diagnostic) - Correct Answer✅-stat CT scan
aortic dissection (higher risk) - Correct Answer✅-60-70 year old patients
aortic dissection (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-intense, sudden onset back
pain, hypotension, stroke like symptoms: unilateral weakness and difficulty speaking,
difference in BP between arms, decreases level of consciousness
aortic dissection (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-surgery and beta blockers
appendicitis (emergency) - Correct Answer✅-pain suddenly disappears, signs of a
rupture
appendicitis (lab values) - Correct Answer✅-elevated WBC, leukocytes w/ shift right
arterial steal syndrome - Correct Answer✅-results from vascular insufficiency after
creation of a fistula
pallor, diminished pulse, left hand pain
asthma (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-wheezing and both lungs affected
asthma (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-bronchodialators, O2 supplementation, PFTs
autonomic neuropathy - Correct Answer✅-type of diabetic neuropathy that affects all
symptoms and can lead to hypoglycemic unawareness
AV fistula - Correct Answer✅-joining of an artery and vein together; used in some
dialysis patients to reduce risk of infection
assess patency by palpating for thrill (buzz) and bruit (swoosh)
bacterial meningitis (definition) - Correct Answer✅-life-threatening infection of the
membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord
bacterial meningitis (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-fever, headache, stiff
neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, sensitivity to light, rash
bacterial meningitis (treatment) - Correct Answer✅-antibiotics
3
LecClara Stuvia | Page 3 of 60
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
beta blockers - Correct Answer✅-reduce cardiac output and are contraindicated in
patients with acutr HF
bulbar onset ALS - Correct Answer✅-problem speaking (e.g., slurred speech, sounds
like they're drunk)
bypass surgery post-op (diet) - Correct Answer✅-small frequent meals 4-6x daily
wait 30min pre/post eating to drink
consume protein first
NO SUGAR, ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE
liquid diet first 48hrs then pureed diet for 1month
bypass surgery post-op (teaching) - Correct Answer✅-pouch holds 1-2oz at a time
(size of egg)
NO NSAIDS
will need to consume multivitamins and supplements (B12, calcium, iron)
medications should either be crushed or chewable
CAPD - Correct Answer✅-continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAPD - Correct Answer✅-no machinery is used, manual procedure
tube permanently inserted through abdomen to allow dialysate to be emptied and
replaced daily
cardiac tamponade (definition) - Correct Answer✅-compression of heart caused by
fluid collecting in sac surrounding heart
cardiac tamponade (signs and symptoms) - Correct Answer✅-tachycardia,
distant/muffled heart sounds, jugular vein distribution, failing BP
cast care (risks) - Correct Answer✅-hot spots, compartment syndrome, infection, pain,
neuro change, capillary refill change
cervical injury (priority) - Correct Answer✅-keep the patient still, avoid moving head
or neck (if necessary to move keep head, neck, and back aligned)
chest pain VS heart attack - Correct Answer✅-chest pain: pressure, tightness, or
squeezing in the chest
heart attack: more intense, prolonged pain that may radiate to the arm, jaw, or back,
accompanied by other symptoms
chronic bronchitis - Correct Answer✅-inflammation of bronchial tubes; excessive
mucus production as a result (BLUE BLOATER)
CKD - Correct Answer✅-chronic kidney disease
4
LecClara Stuvia | Page 4 of 60
