NDTR Complete Exam Prep 2026/2027| Nutrition Science,
Food Service & Management — 300 Practice Questions,
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales
Question 1
A nutrient that provides 4 kcal per gram is:
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrate provides approximately 4 kcal/g. Protein also
provides 4 kcal/g, fat provides 9 kcal/g, and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.
Question 2
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, making it the most
energy-dense macronutrient.
Question 3
Which vitamin is classified as fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Vitamins B and C are
water-soluble.
Question 4
Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in hemoglobin?
,A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin and allows red blood
cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.
Question 5
Which food is a particularly good source of complete protein?
A. White rice
B. Olive oil
C. Eggs
D. Apples
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are considered a high-quality complete protein.
Question 6
Which carbohydrate is classified as a monosaccharide?
A. Lactose
B. Sucrose
C. Glucose
D. Starch
Correct Answer: C. Glucose
Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide. Lactose and sucrose are
disaccharides, while starch is a polysaccharide.
Question 7
The primary storage form of carbohydrate in the human body is:
A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Glucose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: A. Glycogen
,Rationale: Excess glucose is stored primarily as glycogen in the liver
and skeletal muscles.
Question 8
Which organ produces bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces bile. The gallbladder stores and
concentrates bile before releasing it into the small intestine.
Question 9
The primary function of bile in digestion is to:
A. Digest proteins
B. Emulsify fats
C. Digest starch
D. Absorb glucose
Correct Answer: B. Emulsify fats
Rationale: Bile salts break large fat globules into smaller droplets,
increasing the surface area available for pancreatic lipase.
Question 10
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine is the major site of digestion and
absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and
water.
Question 11
, Which structure increases the absorptive surface area of the small
intestine?
A. Alveoli
B. Villi
C. Nephrons
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: B. Villi
Rationale: Villi and microvilli greatly increase the intestinal surface
area available for nutrient absorption.
Question 12
Which enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Salivary amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C. Salivary amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins breaking starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules in the mouth.
Question 13
Pepsin primarily digests:
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: B. Protein
Rationale: Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that begins significant protein
digestion.
Question 14
Which pancreatic enzyme primarily digests triglycerides?
A. Lipase
B. Amylase
Food Service & Management — 300 Practice Questions,
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales
Question 1
A nutrient that provides 4 kcal per gram is:
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrate provides approximately 4 kcal/g. Protein also
provides 4 kcal/g, fat provides 9 kcal/g, and alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.
Question 2
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, making it the most
energy-dense macronutrient.
Question 3
Which vitamin is classified as fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Vitamins B and C are
water-soluble.
Question 4
Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in hemoglobin?
,A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin and allows red blood
cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.
Question 5
Which food is a particularly good source of complete protein?
A. White rice
B. Olive oil
C. Eggs
D. Apples
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are considered a high-quality complete protein.
Question 6
Which carbohydrate is classified as a monosaccharide?
A. Lactose
B. Sucrose
C. Glucose
D. Starch
Correct Answer: C. Glucose
Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide. Lactose and sucrose are
disaccharides, while starch is a polysaccharide.
Question 7
The primary storage form of carbohydrate in the human body is:
A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Glucose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: A. Glycogen
,Rationale: Excess glucose is stored primarily as glycogen in the liver
and skeletal muscles.
Question 8
Which organ produces bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces bile. The gallbladder stores and
concentrates bile before releasing it into the small intestine.
Question 9
The primary function of bile in digestion is to:
A. Digest proteins
B. Emulsify fats
C. Digest starch
D. Absorb glucose
Correct Answer: B. Emulsify fats
Rationale: Bile salts break large fat globules into smaller droplets,
increasing the surface area available for pancreatic lipase.
Question 10
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine is the major site of digestion and
absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and
water.
Question 11
, Which structure increases the absorptive surface area of the small
intestine?
A. Alveoli
B. Villi
C. Nephrons
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: B. Villi
Rationale: Villi and microvilli greatly increase the intestinal surface
area available for nutrient absorption.
Question 12
Which enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Salivary amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C. Salivary amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins breaking starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules in the mouth.
Question 13
Pepsin primarily digests:
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: B. Protein
Rationale: Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that begins significant protein
digestion.
Question 14
Which pancreatic enzyme primarily digests triglycerides?
A. Lipase
B. Amylase
