NDTR Nutrition Science & Care Exam 2026/2027 | 300
Practice Questions, Answers & Rationales
Question 1
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, while
carbohydrate and protein provide approximately 4 kcal per gram.
Water provides no calories.
Question 2
Which carbohydrate is classified as a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Maltose
Correct Answer: C. Glucose
Rationale: Glucose is a single-unit carbohydrate and is therefore a
monosaccharide. Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are disaccharides.
Question 3
Which organ is primarily responsible for producing bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which assists in the digestion and
absorption of dietary fats. The gallbladder stores and concentrates
bile.
Question 4
,Which vitamin is required for normal blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of several blood-clotting
proteins. Deficiency can increase bleeding risk.
Question 5
Which mineral is most closely associated with oxygen transport in
hemoglobin?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, the protein in red
blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.
Question 6
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of nutrient
absorption?
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the
small intestine because of its large absorptive surface area created by
villi and microvilli.
Question 7
Which enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
,A. Pepsin
B. Salivary amylase
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: B. Salivary amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins breaking down starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules during chewing.
Question 8
Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for most body cells?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Vitamin C
C. Protein
D. Water
Correct Answer: A. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are commonly used as a major energy
source and are broken down into glucose and other simple sugars.
Question 9
Which food is a complete protein source?
A. Rice
B. Apples
C. Eggs
D. Olive oil
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are therefore considered complete proteins.
Question 10
Which fatty acids are generally considered essential because the body
cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts?
A. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids
B. Palmitic and stearic acids
C. Oleic and palmitic acids
D. Butyric and lauric acids
, Correct Answer: A. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids
Rationale: Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid and alpha-linolenic
acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. Both must be obtained from the diet.
Question 11
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin following exposure to
ultraviolet B radiation?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: UVB exposure initiates vitamin D synthesis in the skin.
Vitamin D is subsequently activated through processes involving the
liver and kidneys.
Question 12
Which mineral is especially important for maintaining normal fluid
balance and nerve transmission?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Fluoride
D. Selenium
Correct Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is a major extracellular electrolyte involved in fluid
balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction.
Question 13
What is the main function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide 9 kcal per gram
B. Support gastrointestinal function
C. Supply essential amino acids
D. Produce bile
Correct Answer: B. Support gastrointestinal function
Practice Questions, Answers & Rationales
Question 1
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, while
carbohydrate and protein provide approximately 4 kcal per gram.
Water provides no calories.
Question 2
Which carbohydrate is classified as a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Maltose
Correct Answer: C. Glucose
Rationale: Glucose is a single-unit carbohydrate and is therefore a
monosaccharide. Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are disaccharides.
Question 3
Which organ is primarily responsible for producing bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which assists in the digestion and
absorption of dietary fats. The gallbladder stores and concentrates
bile.
Question 4
,Which vitamin is required for normal blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of several blood-clotting
proteins. Deficiency can increase bleeding risk.
Question 5
Which mineral is most closely associated with oxygen transport in
hemoglobin?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, the protein in red
blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.
Question 6
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of nutrient
absorption?
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the
small intestine because of its large absorptive surface area created by
villi and microvilli.
Question 7
Which enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
,A. Pepsin
B. Salivary amylase
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: B. Salivary amylase
Rationale: Salivary amylase begins breaking down starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules during chewing.
Question 8
Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for most body cells?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Vitamin C
C. Protein
D. Water
Correct Answer: A. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are commonly used as a major energy
source and are broken down into glucose and other simple sugars.
Question 9
Which food is a complete protein source?
A. Rice
B. Apples
C. Eggs
D. Olive oil
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are therefore considered complete proteins.
Question 10
Which fatty acids are generally considered essential because the body
cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts?
A. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids
B. Palmitic and stearic acids
C. Oleic and palmitic acids
D. Butyric and lauric acids
, Correct Answer: A. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids
Rationale: Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid and alpha-linolenic
acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. Both must be obtained from the diet.
Question 11
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin following exposure to
ultraviolet B radiation?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: UVB exposure initiates vitamin D synthesis in the skin.
Vitamin D is subsequently activated through processes involving the
liver and kidneys.
Question 12
Which mineral is especially important for maintaining normal fluid
balance and nerve transmission?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Fluoride
D. Selenium
Correct Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is a major extracellular electrolyte involved in fluid
balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction.
Question 13
What is the main function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide 9 kcal per gram
B. Support gastrointestinal function
C. Supply essential amino acids
D. Produce bile
Correct Answer: B. Support gastrointestinal function
