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Class notes

isiXhosa FAL Grammar Notes

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Notes on isiXhosa tenses, noun classes, pronouns, adjectives and describing words, subjunctive, etc. Compiled between , please check the SAGS for any changes

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, Izibizo Namahlelo :
Nous & Classes

(neg wo a)




InI
·




I
Ihle/o Isvml .




illd Umntu Kamama M M ala


ba abar


wa awn

i ayi
yi

li ali


and




ayi


I In In alu

Ububele
ublube
14 bu bu abu

IS neutya an u aku


14 Phakathi ph
- -
-




17
⑮ -
-




maN rule :




·

If min is 2nd letter of prefix letter bef .
is So
,




·

weak classes




↳ Letter Kule


If prefix letters
, last S C
·




is a 2 a re . .




strong classes
·




12 akhi Zezibizo

Iceba first:
letter


Isisekelo : rest of prefix

Isiqu/ingcambu : root


last letter
Isiggibelo
:

, Ixesha Langoku :
Present Tense


imo Evamayo /Positive :




·

Inso emfutshone : short form

.C
5 . + verb object

Eg : Ndifunda IsiXhosa .




Imo ende
Long form
·



:




. c
5 .
+
ya + o .
C .
+ verb object

Eg NdiyanthandaJohn
: .




Imo Elandulayo/Isilonduli Negative :




Imo emfutshone short form
·


:




Sub +
N S C
. . .
+ verb + 1 lose first vowel object (If ob. hasI vowels
,
drop 1 & replace with corresp .
Consonant)

Umutwana akathendi kufunda




Imo Long form
·




ende :




sub + m S C.
.
.
+ 0 C . + erb
.
+ i object (with vowel)

Umana akasithand I Isitya.



Ixesha Elidlulileyo Recent :
Past Tense

Imo Evumayo :
Positive

·


Imo Emfutshone :
Short Form

S .
C .
+ verb + e



Umntwona ufunde isi Xhosa




·



Imo Ende : Long Form


.2
5 .
+ verb + 11e


Umntwana ufmdile




Imo Elendulayo Negative :




·

Imo Ende :
Long Form


1) SC + verb +ange


Umama akafundaga.

2) SC +
0 C + verb
.

tanga

umama akay , Fundaga incuadi




Imo Emfutshone :
Short Form


SC verbtanga ob-first vowel
-


+




umana alafundaga nawadi

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200
Uploaded on
October 20, 2026
Number of pages
19
Written in
2026/2027
Type
Class notes
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St cyprian\\\'s school
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