Microbiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Microbial Taxonomy, Cell Structures & Growth

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Terms in this set (61)



Scientific/Binomial Nomenclature Assigns each organism two names - the genus
is the first name and is always capitalized; the
specific epithet follows and is not capitalized.


Genus The first name of the scientific (binomial): the
taxon between family and species.


Species The most scientific level in the taxonomic
hierarchy.


Prokaryotes Include both bacteria and algae. It is a cell
whose genetic material is not enclosed in a
nuclear envelope.




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, Microbiology Exam 1_ Microbial
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Eukaryotes A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane
enclosed nucleus called the nuclear
membrane.


Bacteria Prokaryotic, unicellular, peptidoglycan cell
walls, divide by binary fission, may have
flagella.


Archaea Prokaryotic, lack peptidoglycan, often live in
extreme environments, include methanogens,
halophiles, thermophiles.


Fungi Eukaryotic, chitin cell walls, absorb organic
chemicals, yeasts (unicellular),
molds/mushrooms (multicellular).


Protozoa Eukaryotic, absorb/ingest organic chemicals,
motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella,
reproduce sexually/asexually.




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