Microbiology Lecture Exam 1.pdfPage 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Microbiology the study of microorganisms and the diseases they cause
Bacteriology the study of bacteria (ex. E. Coli, Staph, Strep, Salmonella)
Mycology the study of Fungi (ex. yeast, ringworm, mushrooms)
Virology the study of viruses (ex. HIV, Rhinovirus, Colds, Influenza)
Parasitology the study of parasites (ex. worms, protozoans)
Protozology the study of protozoans (ex. paramecium, amoeba, plasmodium)
Helminthology the study of parasitic worms (ex. flukes, tapeworms, hookworms)
Spontaneous Generation the idea that life just appears
Biogenesis development of life from preexisting life
Robert Hook Scientist in the 1600's who named a cell a cell. Made the first primitive
microscope and while looking at cork it reminded him of a monk's cell.
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek 1600's linen merchant Father of microscopes. He used them to view
thread counts and to look at blood and pond water. Labeled Father of
Micrology.
Page 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Page 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,Microbiology Lecture Exam 1.pdfPage 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Francesco Redi Italian Scientist in the 1600's proponent of biogenesis. Redi's experiment
was performed with meat and flies to try and disprove spontaneous
generation.
Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian Scientist in the 1700's who experimented with boiled broth and not
allowing air in to try and disprove spontaneous generation.
Rudolf Virchow In the 1800's determined that cells must come from preexisting cells,
Looked at tissues, known as the Father of Pathology.
Louis Pasteur In the 1800's tested spontaneous generation using boiled broth and a
flask with a curved neck to prevent organisms from getting in. Disproved
spontaneous generation by allowing air in but not organisms. Also
developed pasteurization used to prevent sick wine.
Joseph Lister 1800's army surgeon who first use antiseptic for surgery. Used carbolic
acid (phenol) which was hard on skin but prevented infection.
Robert Koch Identified bacteria that caused two infamous diseases, Anthrax (caused
by Bacillus Anthracis) and TB (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
, Microbiology Lecture Exam 1.pdfPage 3 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Koch's Postulates 1. Whatever agent is causing the disease should show up every time.
2. The agent should be able to be isolated and grown in a pure culture.
3. Inoculation into a susceptible organism from a pure culture must
produce the disease.
4. The agent must be recovered from the infected and grown again in
culture.
Edward Jenner Developed smallpox vaccine using tissue from survivors.
Alexander Flemming Discovered Penicillin (first antibiotic) in 1929 while trying to grow staph
and strep. another organism kept killing his cultures.
Ignaz Semmelweiss Hungarian physician worked with childbirth fever and pressed for hand
washing before surgery and delivering babies.
Jonathan Snow Father of epidemiology, identified cholera after mapping cholera
outbreaks in the city found a contaminated water pump.
Florence Nightingale Mother of nursing pressed to have clean clinical areas and clean patients
to prevent infection
Hans Christian Gram developed Gram stain (gram+ =purple stain and gram- = pink stain)
Felix d'Herrelle discovered bacteriophages (viruses that kill bacteria)
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Page 3 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Microbiology the study of microorganisms and the diseases they cause
Bacteriology the study of bacteria (ex. E. Coli, Staph, Strep, Salmonella)
Mycology the study of Fungi (ex. yeast, ringworm, mushrooms)
Virology the study of viruses (ex. HIV, Rhinovirus, Colds, Influenza)
Parasitology the study of parasites (ex. worms, protozoans)
Protozology the study of protozoans (ex. paramecium, amoeba, plasmodium)
Helminthology the study of parasitic worms (ex. flukes, tapeworms, hookworms)
Spontaneous Generation the idea that life just appears
Biogenesis development of life from preexisting life
Robert Hook Scientist in the 1600's who named a cell a cell. Made the first primitive
microscope and while looking at cork it reminded him of a monk's cell.
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek 1600's linen merchant Father of microscopes. He used them to view
thread counts and to look at blood and pond water. Labeled Father of
Micrology.
Page 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,Microbiology Lecture Exam 1.pdfPage 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Francesco Redi Italian Scientist in the 1600's proponent of biogenesis. Redi's experiment
was performed with meat and flies to try and disprove spontaneous
generation.
Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian Scientist in the 1700's who experimented with boiled broth and not
allowing air in to try and disprove spontaneous generation.
Rudolf Virchow In the 1800's determined that cells must come from preexisting cells,
Looked at tissues, known as the Father of Pathology.
Louis Pasteur In the 1800's tested spontaneous generation using boiled broth and a
flask with a curved neck to prevent organisms from getting in. Disproved
spontaneous generation by allowing air in but not organisms. Also
developed pasteurization used to prevent sick wine.
Joseph Lister 1800's army surgeon who first use antiseptic for surgery. Used carbolic
acid (phenol) which was hard on skin but prevented infection.
Robert Koch Identified bacteria that caused two infamous diseases, Anthrax (caused
by Bacillus Anthracis) and TB (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
, Microbiology Lecture Exam 1.pdfPage 3 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026,
Lecture Exam4:09:33
1.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
Koch's Postulates 1. Whatever agent is causing the disease should show up every time.
2. The agent should be able to be isolated and grown in a pure culture.
3. Inoculation into a susceptible organism from a pure culture must
produce the disease.
4. The agent must be recovered from the infected and grown again in
culture.
Edward Jenner Developed smallpox vaccine using tissue from survivors.
Alexander Flemming Discovered Penicillin (first antibiotic) in 1929 while trying to grow staph
and strep. another organism kept killing his cultures.
Ignaz Semmelweiss Hungarian physician worked with childbirth fever and pressed for hand
washing before surgery and delivering babies.
Jonathan Snow Father of epidemiology, identified cholera after mapping cholera
outbreaks in the city found a contaminated water pump.
Florence Nightingale Mother of nursing pressed to have clean clinical areas and clean patients
to prevent infection
Hans Christian Gram developed Gram stain (gram+ =purple stain and gram- = pink stain)
Felix d'Herrelle discovered bacteriophages (viruses that kill bacteria)
Page 3 of 2910/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM Lecture Exam 1.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
