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Microbiology & Molecular Biology 2026/2027 | PCR, Microbial Growth, Genetics & Viruses Study Guide and Exam Review

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19 pages

2026/2027

Institution Medical Microbiology

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Microbiology & Molecular Biology 2026/2027 | PCR, Microbial Growth, Genetics & Viruses Study Guide and Exam Review

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10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
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PCR,
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Microbial
MicrobialGrowth,
Biology_
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andViruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth, Genetics, and
4:09:33
4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
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AM 4:09:33 AM

lizzie_santanaa Teacher

Terms in this set (83)

What is the biological function of They provide both the necessary nucleotide
deoxynucleoside triphosphates building blocks and the energy required for new
(dNTPs) in a PCR master mix? strand synthesis.

What will happen if a laboratory Primers will be physically unable to form stable
technician sets the annealing hydrogen bonds with the template DNA.
temperature of a PCR cycle to 78°C
instead of the optimal 55°C?

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PCR,
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,10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
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4:09:33
4:09:33
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AM
AM 4:09:33 AM

How many copies of a target 16 copies
double-stranded DNA fragment
will ideally be present after 4
complete cycles of exponential
amplification starting with 2
copies?

What is the fundamental purpose of To rapidly synthesize millions of copies of a
utilizing a Polymerase Chain highly specific, targeted region of DNA from a
Reaction (PCR) assay in diagnostic minuscule starting sample.
medicine and molecular biology?

What gives DNA its uniform The repeating phosphate groups along the
negative charge during agarose gel backbone.
electrophoresis?

From what type of environment was A hyperthermophilic deep-sea hydrothermal
the heat-stable DNA polymerase vent or hot spring.
known as 'Taq' originally isolated?

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, 10/20/2026, 4:10:55 AMPage
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What is the standard sequence of High heat (denaturation) -> Low heat (annealing)
temperature shifts during a single -> Moderate heat (extension).
conventional PCR cycle?

What must occur during the An enzyme converts the viral RNA template into
specialized preliminary step of a stable complementary DNA (cDNA) strand.
Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-
PCR) before standard thermal
cycling begins?

What would happen if a researcher The reaction will generate non-specific
designs PCR primers that are amplification, yielding many unexpected bands
completely complementary to of varying sizes on an agarose gel.
random regions across a bacterial
genome?

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and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
Growth,
AMGenetics, and4:09:33
Viruses.pdf10/20/2026,
AM 4:09:33 AM

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Number of pages: 19
Written in: 2026/2027
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