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10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Terms in this set (200)
Define Microbiology Study of living organisms & acellular biological entities too small to be seen
without the aid of a microscope; study of microorganisms
Types of organisms studied in microbiology & their **Living organisms:
branches of microbiology o Bacteria - unicellular organisms
o Algae - unicellular organism that photosynthesize (does not cause disease)
o Protozoa - unicellular organism that are animal-like
o Fungi - unicellular or multicellular organisms (yeast or molds)
o Helminths - multicellular eukaryotic worms
**Acellular organisms (not alive):
o Viruses - infectious agents composed of protein and nucleic acid, must invade
host cell to multiply
o Viroids - infectious agents composed of only RNA (ribonucleic acid)
o Prions - infectious protiens (cause mad cow disease)
Distinguish between prokaryotic & eukaryotic Prokaryotic - no nuclues; 1 peice of DNA; no membrane bound organelles;
includes all bacteria
Eukaryotic - nucleus; many pieces of chromosomal DNA; membrane bound
organelles; includes protistans, fungi, plantae; animalia
Page 1 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
2 metric scales used to measure both bacteria & viruses • Bacteria are measured with the micrometer scale
(um & nm) • Viruses are measured with the nanometer scale
2 theories on how living things arise (spontaneous **Biogenesis - the idea that living things can only arise from other living things
generation & bio-genesis) (of the same kind); Examples - mice from mice; dogs from dogs; bacteria from
bacteria
**Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation. Early belief that some forms of life
could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter;
Examples - flies from manure; old rags & thrown out food = mice; broth left
unrefrigerated became cloudy = microbes
Page 2 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Contributions of Koch (Koch - Which etiological agent **Koch's contributions to microbiology:
Koch used with his postulates to prove the germ theory • Proved that germ theory of disease by finding the causative agent for Anthrax
of disease) (Bacillus anthracis)
• Created Koch's Postulates -
o Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy
organisms
o The suspected microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
o The same disease must result when the isolated microbe inoculated into a
healthy host
o The same microbe must be isolated again from the disease host
• Developed many of the lab techniques still used for lab today
o Developed culture media
o Developed dishware
o Developed methods for isolation
**Which organism did Koch first identify as an etiological agent of a disease?
• Bacillus anthracis - causative agent for Anthrax
Define Pathogen •Pathogen - Microorganism that can cause disease in the normal healthy
individual
•Parasite - microorganisms that live on or in the body of another organism
•Host - other organism that the parasite is living on or in
Page 3 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Define Normal Flora Microbes that normally live in or on a human and do not cause disease
Define Taxonomy What is taxonomy?
• Formal system for organizing, classifying and naming living things
• Originated by Carl Von Linne (Carolus Linneaus)
• Concerned with:
o Classification - orderly arrangement of organisms into 8 taxa groups
o Nomenclature - assigning names
o Identification - determining and recording traits of organisms for placement
into taxonomic schemes
Know order of the taxa Know the order of taxa:
Largest to smallest
Did Green Popeye Come Over For Green Spinach?
o Domain
o Kingdom
o Phylum
o Class
o Order
o Family
o Genus
o Species
Page 4 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 4 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Terms in this set (200)
Define Microbiology Study of living organisms & acellular biological entities too small to be seen
without the aid of a microscope; study of microorganisms
Types of organisms studied in microbiology & their **Living organisms:
branches of microbiology o Bacteria - unicellular organisms
o Algae - unicellular organism that photosynthesize (does not cause disease)
o Protozoa - unicellular organism that are animal-like
o Fungi - unicellular or multicellular organisms (yeast or molds)
o Helminths - multicellular eukaryotic worms
**Acellular organisms (not alive):
o Viruses - infectious agents composed of protein and nucleic acid, must invade
host cell to multiply
o Viroids - infectious agents composed of only RNA (ribonucleic acid)
o Prions - infectious protiens (cause mad cow disease)
Distinguish between prokaryotic & eukaryotic Prokaryotic - no nuclues; 1 peice of DNA; no membrane bound organelles;
includes all bacteria
Eukaryotic - nucleus; many pieces of chromosomal DNA; membrane bound
organelles; includes protistans, fungi, plantae; animalia
Page 1 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
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10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
2 metric scales used to measure both bacteria & viruses • Bacteria are measured with the micrometer scale
(um & nm) • Viruses are measured with the nanometer scale
2 theories on how living things arise (spontaneous **Biogenesis - the idea that living things can only arise from other living things
generation & bio-genesis) (of the same kind); Examples - mice from mice; dogs from dogs; bacteria from
bacteria
**Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation. Early belief that some forms of life
could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter;
Examples - flies from manure; old rags & thrown out food = mice; broth left
unrefrigerated became cloudy = microbes
Page 2 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Contributions of Koch (Koch - Which etiological agent **Koch's contributions to microbiology:
Koch used with his postulates to prove the germ theory • Proved that germ theory of disease by finding the causative agent for Anthrax
of disease) (Bacillus anthracis)
• Created Koch's Postulates -
o Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy
organisms
o The suspected microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
o The same disease must result when the isolated microbe inoculated into a
healthy host
o The same microbe must be isolated again from the disease host
• Developed many of the lab techniques still used for lab today
o Developed culture media
o Developed dishware
o Developed methods for isolation
**Which organism did Koch first identify as an etiological agent of a disease?
• Bacillus anthracis - causative agent for Anthrax
Define Pathogen •Pathogen - Microorganism that can cause disease in the normal healthy
individual
•Parasite - microorganisms that live on or in the body of another organism
•Host - other organism that the parasite is living on or in
Page 3 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
10/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98o
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
Define Normal Flora Microbes that normally live in or on a human and do not cause disease
Define Taxonomy What is taxonomy?
• Formal system for organizing, classifying and naming living things
• Originated by Carl Von Linne (Carolus Linneaus)
• Concerned with:
o Classification - orderly arrangement of organisms into 8 taxa groups
o Nomenclature - assigning names
o Identification - determining and recording traits of organisms for placement
into taxonomic schemes
Know order of the taxa Know the order of taxa:
Largest to smallest
Did Green Popeye Come Over For Green Spinach?
o Domain
o Kingdom
o Phylum
o Class
o Order
o Family
o Genus
o Species
Page 4 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 4 of 8010/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf
- Comprehensive Final Exam.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33 AM
