NR 507 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026/2027.
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the development of
pulmonary edema in a patient with left-sided heart failure?
A. Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased pulmonary capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased alveolar surface tension
D. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In left-sided heart failure, the left ventricle fails to pump
effectively, leading to a backup of blood into the pulmonary circulation. This increases the
hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, forcing fluid into the interstitial spaces
and alveoli.
2. A patient is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which underlying pathophysiologic
mechanism is responsible for this condition?
A. Chronic blood loss leading to iron depletion
B. Bone marrow suppression from viral infection
,C. A genetic mutation in the beta-globin chain
D. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells and loss of intrinsic factor
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic-normochromic anemia
caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, typically due to the lack of intrinsic factor from
autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells.
3. In the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), what is the initial
consequence of injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane?
A. Increased capillary permeability leading to protein-rich fluid in the alveoli
B. Pulmonary vasodilation and increased flow
C. Excessive surfactant production
D. Bronchoconstriction caused by parasympathetic overactivity
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The hallmark of ARDS is increased capillary permeability caused
by inflammatory mediators, which allows protein-rich fluid to leak into the alveoli,
impairing gas exchange.
4. Which laboratory marker is the most sensitive and specific for diagnosing an acute
myocardial infarction?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
, B. Myoglobin
C. Cardiac Troponin I
D. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cardiac Troponin I and T are the preferred biomarkers for MI
because they are highly specific to cardiac muscle and remain elevated longer than other
markers.
5. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed right-sided
heart failure. Which term best describes this condition?
A. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
B. High-output failure
C. Cor pulmonale
D. Eisenmenger syndrome
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure that occurs specifically
due to chronic pulmonary hypertension resulting from lung diseases like COPD.
6. What is the primary cause of the hypercoagulable state seen in Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (DIC)?
A. Uncontrolled activation of the clotting cascade leading to excessive thrombin
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026/2027.
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the development of
pulmonary edema in a patient with left-sided heart failure?
A. Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased pulmonary capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased alveolar surface tension
D. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In left-sided heart failure, the left ventricle fails to pump
effectively, leading to a backup of blood into the pulmonary circulation. This increases the
hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, forcing fluid into the interstitial spaces
and alveoli.
2. A patient is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which underlying pathophysiologic
mechanism is responsible for this condition?
A. Chronic blood loss leading to iron depletion
B. Bone marrow suppression from viral infection
,C. A genetic mutation in the beta-globin chain
D. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells and loss of intrinsic factor
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic-normochromic anemia
caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, typically due to the lack of intrinsic factor from
autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells.
3. In the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), what is the initial
consequence of injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane?
A. Increased capillary permeability leading to protein-rich fluid in the alveoli
B. Pulmonary vasodilation and increased flow
C. Excessive surfactant production
D. Bronchoconstriction caused by parasympathetic overactivity
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The hallmark of ARDS is increased capillary permeability caused
by inflammatory mediators, which allows protein-rich fluid to leak into the alveoli,
impairing gas exchange.
4. Which laboratory marker is the most sensitive and specific for diagnosing an acute
myocardial infarction?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
, B. Myoglobin
C. Cardiac Troponin I
D. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cardiac Troponin I and T are the preferred biomarkers for MI
because they are highly specific to cardiac muscle and remain elevated longer than other
markers.
5. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed right-sided
heart failure. Which term best describes this condition?
A. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
B. High-output failure
C. Cor pulmonale
D. Eisenmenger syndrome
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure that occurs specifically
due to chronic pulmonary hypertension resulting from lung diseases like COPD.
6. What is the primary cause of the hypercoagulable state seen in Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (DIC)?
A. Uncontrolled activation of the clotting cascade leading to excessive thrombin
