A&P2 FINAL EXPECTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Determine which set of capillaries each of the following processes would occur in.
ANSWER
Alveolar Capillaries:
-Carbonic acid in RBCs converts back to carbon dioxide and water
-Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood -Oxygen is diffusing into the blood
-Decreasing carbon dioxide levels decrease the levels of HHb
Systemic Capillaries:
-Chloride ion shifts into the RBC
-Carbon dioxide binds to plasma proteins -Carbonic anhydrase is increasing the amount of
carbonic acid
-Carbon dioxide is diffusing into the blood
Question 2.
Complete each sentence with the correct word.
ANSWER
At the onset of a bout of exercise, tissue
carbon dioxide levels briefly increase due
to elevated aerobic respiration.
Carbon dioxide production in respiring
tissues creates an increased level of
carbonic acid in the blood, resulting in a decreased blood pH.
Altered blood pH during exercise causes the affinity of hemoglobin to decrease, which is
shown as a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
, As a result of the oxyhemoglobin shift during exercise, blood arriving at the respiring tissues
will deliver a(n) increased amount of oxygen.
During recovery from exercise (cool-down), blood pH increases back to its pre-exercise state.
Question 3.
Indicate whether each of the following would increase or decrease filtration.
ANSWER
Increases Filtration:
-An Increase in BP
-Constriction of the Efferent Arteriole
Decreases Filtration:
-An increase in capsular pressure
-An increase in plasma protein concentration -An obstruction in the proximal tubule
Question 4.
Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list. Each label may be
used more than once.
ANSWER
The countercurrent multiplier is a phenomenon that occurs in the nephron loop.
Countercurrent exchange occurs as both solutes and water move freely in and out
of the vasa recta.
, The increase in osmolarity, as filtrate moves down the descending limb, is due to water
moving out of the tubule.
The decrease in osmolarity of the filtrate, as it moves up the ascending limb, is due to solutes
moving out of the tubule.
The osmolarity of the filtrate is virtually the same at the entrance and exit of the vasa recta.
The osmolarity of the filtrate is approximately 100 mOsm/L at the end of the ascending limb,
and around 1200 mOsm/L at the end of the descending limb.
The recycling of urea out of the collecting duct and back into the nephron loop contributes
significantly to the medullary osmotic gradient.
Question 5.
Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the tissues is true?
ANSWER
Po2 in blood > Po2 in tissues; Pco2 in blood < Pco2 in tissues
Question 6.
Read each of the descriptions below. Then click and drag each into the appropriate category to
identify the stage of the male sexual response to which it pertains.
ANSWER
Excitement:
The deep artery dilates.
, Bulbourethral fluid is secreted by the bulbourethral glands.
Orgasm - Emission:
Sperm are moved via muscular contractions from the ductus deferens to the ampulla to the
urethra.
The prostate begins to secrete components of seminal fluid.
Orgasm - Expulsion:
The internal urethral sphincter contracts.
The bulb and root of penis are rythmically compressed.
Resolution:
The internal pudendal artery constricts.
Blood is squeezed from the erectile tissues as the trabecular muscles contract.
Question 7.
Match each stage of folliculogenesis to its description.
ANSWER
1. Secondary follicle-A secondary oocyte surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells
2. Mature follicle- This is the follicle that undergoes ovulation. It grows to 30 mm in size, and
the secondary oocyte and cumulus break away and float freely in the antrum.
3. Primary follicle- A secondary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells
4. Primordial follicle- A primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of flattened epithelial cells
5. Tertiary follicle- The follicle now contains a single large, fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.
A mound of granulosa cells, called the cumulus oophorus, covers the secondary oocyte and
secures it to the follicle wall.
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Determine which set of capillaries each of the following processes would occur in.
ANSWER
Alveolar Capillaries:
-Carbonic acid in RBCs converts back to carbon dioxide and water
-Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood -Oxygen is diffusing into the blood
-Decreasing carbon dioxide levels decrease the levels of HHb
Systemic Capillaries:
-Chloride ion shifts into the RBC
-Carbon dioxide binds to plasma proteins -Carbonic anhydrase is increasing the amount of
carbonic acid
-Carbon dioxide is diffusing into the blood
Question 2.
Complete each sentence with the correct word.
ANSWER
At the onset of a bout of exercise, tissue
carbon dioxide levels briefly increase due
to elevated aerobic respiration.
Carbon dioxide production in respiring
tissues creates an increased level of
carbonic acid in the blood, resulting in a decreased blood pH.
Altered blood pH during exercise causes the affinity of hemoglobin to decrease, which is
shown as a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
, As a result of the oxyhemoglobin shift during exercise, blood arriving at the respiring tissues
will deliver a(n) increased amount of oxygen.
During recovery from exercise (cool-down), blood pH increases back to its pre-exercise state.
Question 3.
Indicate whether each of the following would increase or decrease filtration.
ANSWER
Increases Filtration:
-An Increase in BP
-Constriction of the Efferent Arteriole
Decreases Filtration:
-An increase in capsular pressure
-An increase in plasma protein concentration -An obstruction in the proximal tubule
Question 4.
Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list. Each label may be
used more than once.
ANSWER
The countercurrent multiplier is a phenomenon that occurs in the nephron loop.
Countercurrent exchange occurs as both solutes and water move freely in and out
of the vasa recta.
, The increase in osmolarity, as filtrate moves down the descending limb, is due to water
moving out of the tubule.
The decrease in osmolarity of the filtrate, as it moves up the ascending limb, is due to solutes
moving out of the tubule.
The osmolarity of the filtrate is virtually the same at the entrance and exit of the vasa recta.
The osmolarity of the filtrate is approximately 100 mOsm/L at the end of the ascending limb,
and around 1200 mOsm/L at the end of the descending limb.
The recycling of urea out of the collecting duct and back into the nephron loop contributes
significantly to the medullary osmotic gradient.
Question 5.
Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the tissues is true?
ANSWER
Po2 in blood > Po2 in tissues; Pco2 in blood < Pco2 in tissues
Question 6.
Read each of the descriptions below. Then click and drag each into the appropriate category to
identify the stage of the male sexual response to which it pertains.
ANSWER
Excitement:
The deep artery dilates.
, Bulbourethral fluid is secreted by the bulbourethral glands.
Orgasm - Emission:
Sperm are moved via muscular contractions from the ductus deferens to the ampulla to the
urethra.
The prostate begins to secrete components of seminal fluid.
Orgasm - Expulsion:
The internal urethral sphincter contracts.
The bulb and root of penis are rythmically compressed.
Resolution:
The internal pudendal artery constricts.
Blood is squeezed from the erectile tissues as the trabecular muscles contract.
Question 7.
Match each stage of folliculogenesis to its description.
ANSWER
1. Secondary follicle-A secondary oocyte surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells
2. Mature follicle- This is the follicle that undergoes ovulation. It grows to 30 mm in size, and
the secondary oocyte and cumulus break away and float freely in the antrum.
3. Primary follicle- A secondary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells
4. Primordial follicle- A primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of flattened epithelial cells
5. Tertiary follicle- The follicle now contains a single large, fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.
A mound of granulosa cells, called the cumulus oophorus, covers the secondary oocyte and
secures it to the follicle wall.
