NSG-533: Alterations in Immunity, Infections,
and the Stress Response Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity; think allergic reactions.
What are clinical examples of Type I hypersensitivity?
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria/angioedema, allergic asthma, food/venom/drug
allergies (e.g., beta-lactams), and anaphylaxis.
What are risk factors for Type I hypersensitivity?
Atopy (eczema, asthma, and allergies often run together), prior sensitization, leaky skin
barrier, heavy alcohol use, and NSAIDs.
What happens during the first exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
The exposure is silent; the immune system essentially "photographs" the antigen
How does the immune system respond to an allergen during the first exposure?
APCs present the allergen to T cells → B cells make allergen-specific IgE antibodies → IgE
attaches to mast cells and basophils.
What happens during re-exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
Re-exposure triggers mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins.
What does histamine do in Type I hypersensitivity?
Causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
, What do leukotrienes do in Type I hypersensitivity?
Cause bronchoconstriction.
What are the clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity?
Pruritus, flushing, hives, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, GI symptoms, hypotension, and
cardiovascular collapse.
What is Type II hypersensitivity?
Tissue-specific hypersensitivity; think "friendly fire."
What are clinical examples of Type II hypersensitivity?
Graves disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis,
and hemolytic transfusion reactions.
What are risk factors for Type II hypersensitivity?
Drugs (PCN, heparin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, methyldopa), mismatched blood
transfusions, lymphoproliferative disorders (CLL, lymphoma), connective tissue diseases
(SLE, Sjögren), and infections (HIV, hepatitis, EBV).
What antibodies are involved in Type II hypersensitivity?
IgG and IgM antibodies.
What do IgG/IgM antibodies target in Type II hypersensitivity?
They bind to host cell surfaces or extracellular matrix (ECM) and cause damage.
How do IgG/IgM antibodies cause tissue damage in Type II hypersensitivity?
Through complement activation (opsonization/tagging for destruction), antibody-dependent
cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and phagocytosis.
and the Stress Response Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity; think allergic reactions.
What are clinical examples of Type I hypersensitivity?
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria/angioedema, allergic asthma, food/venom/drug
allergies (e.g., beta-lactams), and anaphylaxis.
What are risk factors for Type I hypersensitivity?
Atopy (eczema, asthma, and allergies often run together), prior sensitization, leaky skin
barrier, heavy alcohol use, and NSAIDs.
What happens during the first exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
The exposure is silent; the immune system essentially "photographs" the antigen
How does the immune system respond to an allergen during the first exposure?
APCs present the allergen to T cells → B cells make allergen-specific IgE antibodies → IgE
attaches to mast cells and basophils.
What happens during re-exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
Re-exposure triggers mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins.
What does histamine do in Type I hypersensitivity?
Causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
, What do leukotrienes do in Type I hypersensitivity?
Cause bronchoconstriction.
What are the clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity?
Pruritus, flushing, hives, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, GI symptoms, hypotension, and
cardiovascular collapse.
What is Type II hypersensitivity?
Tissue-specific hypersensitivity; think "friendly fire."
What are clinical examples of Type II hypersensitivity?
Graves disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis,
and hemolytic transfusion reactions.
What are risk factors for Type II hypersensitivity?
Drugs (PCN, heparin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, methyldopa), mismatched blood
transfusions, lymphoproliferative disorders (CLL, lymphoma), connective tissue diseases
(SLE, Sjögren), and infections (HIV, hepatitis, EBV).
What antibodies are involved in Type II hypersensitivity?
IgG and IgM antibodies.
What do IgG/IgM antibodies target in Type II hypersensitivity?
They bind to host cell surfaces or extracellular matrix (ECM) and cause damage.
How do IgG/IgM antibodies cause tissue damage in Type II hypersensitivity?
Through complement activation (opsonization/tagging for destruction), antibody-dependent
cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and phagocytosis.
