NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 With Both Questions
and Answers, with 100% verified answers 7th Edition
2026/2027
A nurse is assessing a client's history for cancer risk. Which finding would place the client at the
highest risk for cancer development?
A. Hormonal therapy use combined with chemical exposure
B. Regular exercise and healthy diet
C. Young age with no family history
D. Absence of biologic risk factors
A. Hormonal therapy use combined with chemical exposure
A nurse emphasizes early detection during a health promotion visit. Which statement best explains
why early detection is important?
A. It guarantees complete cure of all cancers
B. It prevents all cancers from developing
C. It eliminates the need for lifestyle changes
D. It allows for timely intervention that can improve outcomes and save lives
D. It allows for timely intervention that can improve outcomes and save lives
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic procedures used to evaluate a suspected cancer. Which diagnostic
procedure provides a definitive diagnosis?
A. Laboratory tests
B. Imaging tests
C. Biopsy
D. Tumor marker screening
C. Biopsy
A nurse is teaching a client about differences between benign and malignant tumors. Which
characteristic is most consistent with a malignant tumor?
A. Slow, organized cell growth
B. Ability to spread to distant tissues
C. Encapsulation with no invasion
D. Localized effects only
B. Ability to spread to distant tissues
Which assessment finding best differentiates a benign tumor from a malignant tumor?
,A. Presence of systemic manifestations such as weight loss
B. Well-defined borders and noninvasive growth
C. Compression of surrounding tissues
D. Increased blood supply to the mass
B. Well-defined borders and noninvasive growth
A nurse is reviewing a client's oncology report and sees the cancer staged using the TNM system.
What is the primary purpose of the TNM staging system?
A. To classify cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis
B. To determine the genetic cause of the cancer
C. To identify whether a tumor is benign or malignant
D. To evaluate the client's response to chemotherapy
A. To classify cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis
A nurse is teaching a community health class about early warning signs of cancer using the CAUTION
mnemonic. Which findings should the nurse include in this teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Change in bowel or bladder habits
B. A sore that does not heal
C. Unusual bleeding or discharge
D. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
E. Obvious change in a wart or mole
F. Nagging cough or hoarseness
all of the above
A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for lung cancer. Which of the following are major risk
factors? Select all that apply.
A. Cigarette smoking
B. Exposure to air pollutants
C. Family history of breast cancer
D. Regular exercise
E. Healthy diet
A&B
A client reports persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and occasional blood in sputum. Which type
of cancer is most likely associated with these symptoms?
A. Lung cancer
B. Breast cancer
C. Leukemia
D. Colon cancer
,A. Lung cancer
A nurse is reviewing risk factors for breast cancer with a female client. Which factor places her at
higher risk?
A. Being male
B. Family history of breast cancer
C. Young age (under 20)
D. No exposure to radiation
B. Family history of breast cancer
The nurse is teaching about leukemia. Which statement correctly differentiates acute from chronic
leukemia?
A. Acute leukemia develops slowly and mostly affects adults
B. Chronic leukemia develops rapidly and mostly affects children
C. Acute leukemia develops rapidly and often affects children, while chronic leukemia progresses
slowly and usually affects adults
D. Chronic leukemia only occurs in newborns
C. Acute leukemia develops rapidly and often affects children, while chronic leukemia progresses slowly
and usually affects adults
A parent asks why children are more commonly affected by acute leukemia. Which explanation by the
nurse is accurate?
A. Children are exposed to more environmental toxins
B. Children have rapidly dividing cells, which increases mutation risk
C. Adults have stronger immune systems
D. Acute leukemia only occurs due to genetic inheritance
B. Children have rapidly dividing cells, which increases mutation risk
Which type of biopsy uses an endoscope to obtain tissue samples from internal organs? Common
procedures include colonoscopy.
A. Endoscopic biopsy
B. Needle biopsy
C. Surgical biopsy
D. Fine-needle aspiration
A. Endoscopic biopsy
Which type of biopsy involves using a thin needle to extract tissue samples and is considered a
minimally invasive procedure?
A. Surgical biopsy
, B. Endoscopic biopsy
C. Needle biopsy
D. Incisional biopsy
C. Needle biopsy
Which type of biopsy involves removal of part or all of a tumor for examination and is considered
more invasive than other types?
A. Needle biopsy
B. Endoscopic biopsy
C. Fine-needle aspiration
D. Surgical biopsy
D. Surgical biopsy
Which statement best describes inflammation as an immunologic process?
A. A harmful response caused primarily by infection that resolves once the pathogen is eliminated
B. A defense mechanism that protects against tissue injury and pathogens through vascular, cellular,
and chemical responses and may be acute or chronic
C. A localized tissue reaction limited to trauma and independent of immune system activation
D. A response that occurs only in individuals with compromised immune function
B. A defense mechanism that protects against tissue injury and pathogens through vascular, cellular, and
chemical responses and may be acute or chronic
A nurse is reviewing the physiologic sequence of acute inflammation following tissue injury. Which
events occur as part of this process? Select all that apply.
A. Bradykinin is released and stimulates pain receptors
B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
C. Increased blood flow occurs at the site of injury
D. Neutrophils migrate to the injured tissue and phagocytize bacteria
E. Macrophages leave the bloodstream and phagocytize microbes
F. Antibody production is the primary early response to tissue injury
A, B, C, D & E
A nurse is assessing a client with acute inflammation. Which findings are considered local
manifestations of acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
A. Pain
B. Swelling (edema)
C. Redness
and Answers, with 100% verified answers 7th Edition
2026/2027
A nurse is assessing a client's history for cancer risk. Which finding would place the client at the
highest risk for cancer development?
A. Hormonal therapy use combined with chemical exposure
B. Regular exercise and healthy diet
C. Young age with no family history
D. Absence of biologic risk factors
A. Hormonal therapy use combined with chemical exposure
A nurse emphasizes early detection during a health promotion visit. Which statement best explains
why early detection is important?
A. It guarantees complete cure of all cancers
B. It prevents all cancers from developing
C. It eliminates the need for lifestyle changes
D. It allows for timely intervention that can improve outcomes and save lives
D. It allows for timely intervention that can improve outcomes and save lives
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic procedures used to evaluate a suspected cancer. Which diagnostic
procedure provides a definitive diagnosis?
A. Laboratory tests
B. Imaging tests
C. Biopsy
D. Tumor marker screening
C. Biopsy
A nurse is teaching a client about differences between benign and malignant tumors. Which
characteristic is most consistent with a malignant tumor?
A. Slow, organized cell growth
B. Ability to spread to distant tissues
C. Encapsulation with no invasion
D. Localized effects only
B. Ability to spread to distant tissues
Which assessment finding best differentiates a benign tumor from a malignant tumor?
,A. Presence of systemic manifestations such as weight loss
B. Well-defined borders and noninvasive growth
C. Compression of surrounding tissues
D. Increased blood supply to the mass
B. Well-defined borders and noninvasive growth
A nurse is reviewing a client's oncology report and sees the cancer staged using the TNM system.
What is the primary purpose of the TNM staging system?
A. To classify cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis
B. To determine the genetic cause of the cancer
C. To identify whether a tumor is benign or malignant
D. To evaluate the client's response to chemotherapy
A. To classify cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis
A nurse is teaching a community health class about early warning signs of cancer using the CAUTION
mnemonic. Which findings should the nurse include in this teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Change in bowel or bladder habits
B. A sore that does not heal
C. Unusual bleeding or discharge
D. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
E. Obvious change in a wart or mole
F. Nagging cough or hoarseness
all of the above
A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for lung cancer. Which of the following are major risk
factors? Select all that apply.
A. Cigarette smoking
B. Exposure to air pollutants
C. Family history of breast cancer
D. Regular exercise
E. Healthy diet
A&B
A client reports persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and occasional blood in sputum. Which type
of cancer is most likely associated with these symptoms?
A. Lung cancer
B. Breast cancer
C. Leukemia
D. Colon cancer
,A. Lung cancer
A nurse is reviewing risk factors for breast cancer with a female client. Which factor places her at
higher risk?
A. Being male
B. Family history of breast cancer
C. Young age (under 20)
D. No exposure to radiation
B. Family history of breast cancer
The nurse is teaching about leukemia. Which statement correctly differentiates acute from chronic
leukemia?
A. Acute leukemia develops slowly and mostly affects adults
B. Chronic leukemia develops rapidly and mostly affects children
C. Acute leukemia develops rapidly and often affects children, while chronic leukemia progresses
slowly and usually affects adults
D. Chronic leukemia only occurs in newborns
C. Acute leukemia develops rapidly and often affects children, while chronic leukemia progresses slowly
and usually affects adults
A parent asks why children are more commonly affected by acute leukemia. Which explanation by the
nurse is accurate?
A. Children are exposed to more environmental toxins
B. Children have rapidly dividing cells, which increases mutation risk
C. Adults have stronger immune systems
D. Acute leukemia only occurs due to genetic inheritance
B. Children have rapidly dividing cells, which increases mutation risk
Which type of biopsy uses an endoscope to obtain tissue samples from internal organs? Common
procedures include colonoscopy.
A. Endoscopic biopsy
B. Needle biopsy
C. Surgical biopsy
D. Fine-needle aspiration
A. Endoscopic biopsy
Which type of biopsy involves using a thin needle to extract tissue samples and is considered a
minimally invasive procedure?
A. Surgical biopsy
, B. Endoscopic biopsy
C. Needle biopsy
D. Incisional biopsy
C. Needle biopsy
Which type of biopsy involves removal of part or all of a tumor for examination and is considered
more invasive than other types?
A. Needle biopsy
B. Endoscopic biopsy
C. Fine-needle aspiration
D. Surgical biopsy
D. Surgical biopsy
Which statement best describes inflammation as an immunologic process?
A. A harmful response caused primarily by infection that resolves once the pathogen is eliminated
B. A defense mechanism that protects against tissue injury and pathogens through vascular, cellular,
and chemical responses and may be acute or chronic
C. A localized tissue reaction limited to trauma and independent of immune system activation
D. A response that occurs only in individuals with compromised immune function
B. A defense mechanism that protects against tissue injury and pathogens through vascular, cellular, and
chemical responses and may be acute or chronic
A nurse is reviewing the physiologic sequence of acute inflammation following tissue injury. Which
events occur as part of this process? Select all that apply.
A. Bradykinin is released and stimulates pain receptors
B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
C. Increased blood flow occurs at the site of injury
D. Neutrophils migrate to the injured tissue and phagocytize bacteria
E. Macrophages leave the bloodstream and phagocytize microbes
F. Antibody production is the primary early response to tissue injury
A, B, C, D & E
A nurse is assessing a client with acute inflammation. Which findings are considered local
manifestations of acute inflammation? Select all that apply.
A. Pain
B. Swelling (edema)
C. Redness
