Epidemiology Midterm and Final Exam Questions and Answers Updated 2027 A+

Epidemiology Midterm
and Final Exam Questions
and Answers Updated
2027
OddsBRatioB-BAnswerB(NumberBofBpairsBwithBcaseBexposedBandBcontrolBnon-
exposed)/(NumberBofBpairsBwithBcontrolBexposedBandBcaseBnon-exposed)



ProportionateBMortalityB-
BAnswerB(Num.BofBdeathsBdueBtoBaBspecificBdiseaseBinBaBpopulationBatBaBspecificBti
me)/(TotalBdeathsBinBtheBpopulationBatBtheBsameBtime)BXB100



AnnualBMortalityBRateB-
BAnswerB(TotalBnumberBofBdeathsBfromBallBcausesBinB1Byear)/(NumberBofBpersonBiBt
heBpopulaitonBatBmidyear)BXB1,000



RelativeBSurvivalB-
BAnswerB(ObservedBsurvivalBinBpersonsBwithBtheBdisease)/(ExpectedBsurvivalBifBdiseas
eBwereBabsent)BXB1,000



CrudeBMortalityBRateB-
BAnswerB(TotalBnumberBofBdeathsBfromBallBcausesBforBaBspecifiedBtimeBperiod)/(Total
BpopulationBforBtheBsameBgeographicBareaBforBspecifiedBtimeBperiod)BXB100,000



Case-FatalityB-
BAnswerB(Num.ofBpersonsBdyingBduringBaBspecifiedBtimeBperiodBafterBaBspecificBdise
aseBonset)/(Num.ofBpersonsBwithBtheBdiseaseB)BXB100

,StandardizedBMortalityBRatioB-
BAnswerB(ObservedBnumberBofBDeathsBperByear)/(ExpectedBnumberBofBDeathsBperBy
ear)BXB100



IncidenceBRateB-
BAnswerB(Num.BofBnewBcasesBofBaBdiseaseBoccuringBinBaBpopulationBduringBaBspecif
iedBtimeBperiod)/(Num.ofBpersonsBatBriskBofBdevelopingBdiseaseBduringBtheBsameBtim
eBperiod)BXB1,000



PrevalenceB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBcasesBofBaBdiseaseBpresentBinBaBpopulationBatBaBspecifiedBtim
e)/(NumberBofBpersonsBinBaBpopulationBatBtheBsameBspecifiedBtime)BXB1,000



KAPPABStatisticB-BAnswerB((PercentBagreementBobserved-
PercentBagreementBexpectedBbyBchanceBalone)B)/((100%-
PercentBagreementBexpectedBbyBchance))



RelativeBRiskB(RiskBRatio)B-BAnswerB(IncidenceBinBExposedB)/(IncidenceBinBtheBnon-
exposed)



CauseBSpecificBMortalityBRateB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBDeathsBdueBtoBaBspecificBdiseaseBinBaBpopulationBatBaBspecific
Btime)/(TotalBpopulationBatBtheBsameBspecifiedBtime)BXB1,000



AttackBRateB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBpeopleBatBriskBwhoBdevelopBanBillnessBorBdiseaseBoverBaBshor
tBtimeBperiodB)/(TotalBNumberBofBpersonsBatBriskBforBtheBillnessBorBdiseaseBoverBthe
BsameBtimeBperiod)



SecondaryBAttackBRateB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBcasesBamongBsusceptibleBcontactsBofBtheBprimaryBcasesB)/(Total
BnumberBofBcontactsBexposed)BXB1,000

,SensitivityB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBpeopleBwhoBtestBpositiveB)/(NumberBofBpeopleBwithBdiseaseB)B
XB100



SpecificityB-
BAnswerB(NumberBofBpeopleBwhoBtestBnegativeB)/(NumberBofBpeopleBdiseaseBfree)B
XB100



OddsBratio-matchedB-BAnswerB(NumberBofBpairsBwithBcaseBexposedBandBcontrolBnon-
exposed)/(NumberBofBpairsBwithBcontrolBexposedBandBcaseBnon-exposed)



OddsBRatioB-
BAnswerB(OddsBofBexposureBamongBdiseasedB)/(OddsBofBexposureBamongBnon-
diseased)



WhichBstatementBconveysBtheBunderlyingBpremiseBinBepidemiology?B-
BAnswerBDiseaseB(illBhealth)BisBnotBrandomlyBdistributedBinBpopulationsBbyBperson,Bt
ime,BandBplace



TheBSpanishBFluBofB1917BisBanBexampleBofBa(n)B___________,BbecauseBofBitsBworld
wideBoccurrence.B-BAnswerBPandemic



((𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟B𝑜𝑓B𝑁𝐸𝑊B𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠B𝑜𝑓B𝑎B𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒B𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟B𝑎B𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒B𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑)/(𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛B𝑎𝑡B𝑟𝑖𝑠
𝑘B))∗1000B-BAnswerBIncidenceBRate



SensitivityBandBSpecificityBareBmeasuresBofB_________,BoftenBassociatedBwithB______
_________:B-BAnswerBValidityB/BScreeningBTests



InBtheBpriorBquestion,BitBwasBnotedBthatBtheBRelativeBRiskBwasB5.0.BHowBwouldByou
BinterpretBthisBstatistic?

, a)BPositiveBAssociation;BexposedBpeopleBareBatBgreaterBriskBtoBtheBoutcomeBcompare
BtoBnon-exposedBpeople

b)BNegativeBAssociation;BexposedBpeopleBhaveBaBnegativeBexperience

c)BPositiveBAssociation;BexposedBpeopleBareBexactlyB5%BmoreBlikelyBtoBexperienceBth
eBoutcomeB

d)BNegativeBAssociation;BexposedBpeopleBareBexactlyB5BtimesBmoreBlikelyBtoBexperien
ceBtheBoutcomeB-
BAnswerBa)BPositiveBAssociation;BexposedBpeopleBareBatBgreaterBriskBtoBtheBoutcome
BcompareBtoBnon-exposedBpeople



InB2003BanBepidemicBofBSARsBoccurred.BDuringBtheBepidemicB8098BpeopleBwereBdia
gnosedBwithBSARS,BofBwhichB774BdiedBasBaBresult.BBasedBonBthisBinformationBwhich
BstatisticBcanByouBcalculate?B



a)BMortalityBRate

b)BCase-FatalityB

c)BPerson-TimeBIncidenceB

d)BPrevalenceB-BAnswerBb)BCase-Fatality



Case-
FatalityBandBMortalityBRateBshareBtheBsameB_________,BbutBhaveBdifferentB________
______:



a)BNumerator,BDenominatorsB

b)BDenominator,BNumerator

c)BMorbidBCuriosity,BMeanings

d)BProportion,BInterpretationsB-BAnswerBa)BNumerator,BDenominators



ABcohortBstudyBenrollsBitsBparticipantsBbyB_______BandBthenBmeasuresBtheB_______
_.B