Page 1 of 85
RADIOGRAPHIC PATHOLOGY FOR TECHNOLOGISTS’ EXAM PREP 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED
A+
Part I: Introduction to Pathology (Questions 1–25)
1. The sequence of events producing cellular changes following injury best defines
which of the following terms?
A. Manifestations
B. Pathogenesis
C. Sign
D. Symptom
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the sequence of events that produces cellular changes
following injury; manifestations are the signs and symptoms of disease, a sign is
an objective finding, and a symptom is a subjective complaint.
2. An abnormal disturbance of the function and structure of the human body
following injury refers to which of the following?
A. Disease
B. Etiology
C. Manifestations
D. Pathogenesis
Rationale: Disease is defined as an abnormal disturbance of the function and
structure of the human body following injury.
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,Page 2 of 85
3. The study of the cause of disease is termed which of the following?
A. Disease
B. Etiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Prognosis
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the cause of disease, distinct from pathogenesis
(the mechanism of development) and prognosis (the predicted outcome).
4. An adverse response to medical treatment itself is termed which of the
following?
A. Autoimmune
B. Iatrogenic
C. Idiopathic
D. Nosocomial
Rationale: Iatrogenic refers to an adverse response to medical treatment itself;
autoimmune refers to the body attacking itself, idiopathic means unknown cause,
and nosocomial refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting.
5. Diseases that generally require a decrease in exposure technique are
considered which of the following?
A. Destructive
B. Lytic
C. Subtractive
D. All of the above
Rationale: Destructive, lytic, and subtractive diseases all generally require a
decrease in exposure technique because they result in less tissue density;
examples include osteoporosis and multiple myeloma.
6. The investigation of disease occurring in large groups best defines which of the
following?
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A. Epidemiology
B. Incidence
C. Prevalence
D. All of the above
Rationale: Epidemiology is the investigation of disease occurring in large groups
and populations, encompassing incidence and prevalence measures.
7. Data regarding the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged
over a population are collected and reported by which agency?
A. American College of Radiology
B. Centers for Disease Control
C. Food and Drug Administration
D. National Center for Health Statistics
Rationale: The National Center for Health Statistics collects and reports data on
deaths caused by particular diseases averaged over populations.
8. Which of the following are leading causes of death in the United States for
adults aged 45 years and greater?
A. Heart disease and malignant neoplasm
B. Heart disease and polycystic kidney disease
C. Malignant neoplasm and polycystic kidney disease
D. All of the above
Rationale: Heart disease and malignant neoplasm are the leading causes of death
for adults aged 45 and older; polycystic kidney disease is not among the leading
causes.
9. Each cell in the human body, except the reproductive cells, contains how many
pairs of autosomal chromosomes and sex chromosomes?
A. 11 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
B. 11 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
C. 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
D. 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
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Rationale: Human somatic cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex
chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.
10. The identification of common DNA pattern sequences and common patterns
of genetic variations of single DNA bases resulted in which of the following?
A. The Genome Project
B. Genetic linkage maps
C. Haplotype mapping
D. Physical mapping
Rationale: Haplotype mapping grew out of the identification of common DNA
patterns and single-base variations, supporting personalized medicine and disease
risk assessment.
11. Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors are
classified as which of the following?
A. Congenital
B. Degenerative
C. Genetic
D. Metabolic
Rationale: Congenital diseases are present at birth and may result from genetic or
environmental factors, distinct from diseases that manifest later in life.
12. A genetic disorder caused by an abnormality on one of the 22 nonsex
chromosomes is considered which of the following?
A. Autosomal
B. Dominant
C. Recessive
D. Sex-linked
Rationale: An autosomal disorder involves an abnormality on one of the 22
nonsex chromosomes, as opposed to a sex-linked disorder involving the X or Y
chromosome.
4|Page
RADIOGRAPHIC PATHOLOGY FOR TECHNOLOGISTS’ EXAM PREP 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED
A+
Part I: Introduction to Pathology (Questions 1–25)
1. The sequence of events producing cellular changes following injury best defines
which of the following terms?
A. Manifestations
B. Pathogenesis
C. Sign
D. Symptom
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the sequence of events that produces cellular changes
following injury; manifestations are the signs and symptoms of disease, a sign is
an objective finding, and a symptom is a subjective complaint.
2. An abnormal disturbance of the function and structure of the human body
following injury refers to which of the following?
A. Disease
B. Etiology
C. Manifestations
D. Pathogenesis
Rationale: Disease is defined as an abnormal disturbance of the function and
structure of the human body following injury.
1|Page
,Page 2 of 85
3. The study of the cause of disease is termed which of the following?
A. Disease
B. Etiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Prognosis
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the cause of disease, distinct from pathogenesis
(the mechanism of development) and prognosis (the predicted outcome).
4. An adverse response to medical treatment itself is termed which of the
following?
A. Autoimmune
B. Iatrogenic
C. Idiopathic
D. Nosocomial
Rationale: Iatrogenic refers to an adverse response to medical treatment itself;
autoimmune refers to the body attacking itself, idiopathic means unknown cause,
and nosocomial refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting.
5. Diseases that generally require a decrease in exposure technique are
considered which of the following?
A. Destructive
B. Lytic
C. Subtractive
D. All of the above
Rationale: Destructive, lytic, and subtractive diseases all generally require a
decrease in exposure technique because they result in less tissue density;
examples include osteoporosis and multiple myeloma.
6. The investigation of disease occurring in large groups best defines which of the
following?
2|Page
,Page 3 of 85
A. Epidemiology
B. Incidence
C. Prevalence
D. All of the above
Rationale: Epidemiology is the investigation of disease occurring in large groups
and populations, encompassing incidence and prevalence measures.
7. Data regarding the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged
over a population are collected and reported by which agency?
A. American College of Radiology
B. Centers for Disease Control
C. Food and Drug Administration
D. National Center for Health Statistics
Rationale: The National Center for Health Statistics collects and reports data on
deaths caused by particular diseases averaged over populations.
8. Which of the following are leading causes of death in the United States for
adults aged 45 years and greater?
A. Heart disease and malignant neoplasm
B. Heart disease and polycystic kidney disease
C. Malignant neoplasm and polycystic kidney disease
D. All of the above
Rationale: Heart disease and malignant neoplasm are the leading causes of death
for adults aged 45 and older; polycystic kidney disease is not among the leading
causes.
9. Each cell in the human body, except the reproductive cells, contains how many
pairs of autosomal chromosomes and sex chromosomes?
A. 11 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
B. 11 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
C. 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
D. 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
3|Page
, Page 4 of 85
Rationale: Human somatic cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex
chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.
10. The identification of common DNA pattern sequences and common patterns
of genetic variations of single DNA bases resulted in which of the following?
A. The Genome Project
B. Genetic linkage maps
C. Haplotype mapping
D. Physical mapping
Rationale: Haplotype mapping grew out of the identification of common DNA
patterns and single-base variations, supporting personalized medicine and disease
risk assessment.
11. Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors are
classified as which of the following?
A. Congenital
B. Degenerative
C. Genetic
D. Metabolic
Rationale: Congenital diseases are present at birth and may result from genetic or
environmental factors, distinct from diseases that manifest later in life.
12. A genetic disorder caused by an abnormality on one of the 22 nonsex
chromosomes is considered which of the following?
A. Autosomal
B. Dominant
C. Recessive
D. Sex-linked
Rationale: An autosomal disorder involves an abnormality on one of the 22
nonsex chromosomes, as opposed to a sex-linked disorder involving the X or Y
chromosome.
4|Page
