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NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam-
University of South Alabama questions and answers
A Beta fibers - ------correct answers---------Large myelinated fibers
*transmit touch and vibration sensations
*Do NOT normally transmit pain, but play a role in pain modulation
Abnormal ocular movements such as strabismus, nystagmus, and paralysis of extra ocular muscles can
be a result of damage to which cranial nerves? - ------correct answers---------Oculomotor, trochlear,
abducens
Afferent - ------correct answers---------Towards (towards the spinal cord)
autonomic nervous system (ANS) - ------correct answers---------located in both CNS and PNS
Maintains steady-state among visceral organs
Preganglionic (myelinated ) and Post ganglionic (non mylinated) nerve fibers
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
Brain receives how much cardiac output? - ------correct answers---------20% 800 to 1000ml of blood flow
per minute
Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - ------correct answers---------Motor
aspect of speech. Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability to form words.
"Expressive aphasia"
Cauda Equina - ------correct answers---------Nerve bundle at the end of the spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis - ------correct answers---------
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, Cognitive cerebral functions require a functioning what? - ------correct answers---------Reticular
Activating System (regulates aspects of attention, information processes and maintains consciousness
Concerning the nervous system, what happens with age? - ------correct answers---------decreased
number of neurons
decreased brain size and weight
fibrosis and thickening of the meninges
Narrowed gyri and widened sulci
Increased ventricles
Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - ------correct answers---------Contralateral
control
Conus Medullaris - ------correct answers---------End of spinal cord
Damage to the Cerebellum causes ipsilatereal damage or contralateral damage? - ------correct answers---
------Ipsilateral (same side)
Define Acute pain - ------correct answers---------normal protective mechanism that alerts the individual to
a condition or experience that is immediately harmful. Prompts body to mobilize and take prompt
action.
Duration: seconds to days. up to 3 months.
Define chronic neuropathic pain - ------correct answers---------long term plastic changes along the
somatosensory pathways from the periphery to the cortex and abnormal processing of sensory info by
PNS and CNS
Define Chronic pain - ------correct answers---------pain lasting well beyond the expected normal healing
time. more than 3-6 months. can be constant or intermittent.
Persistent pain can allow for physiologic adaptation such as BP and HR returning to normal range even
though pain is ongoing.
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Define neuropathic pain - ------correct answers---------chronic pain initiated or caused by primary lesion
or dysfunction in the nervous system. Leads to long-term changes in pain pathway structures and
abnormal processing of sensory information
Define Referred Pain - ------correct answers---------pain felt in an area removed or distant from its point
of origin. The area of referred pain is supplied by spinal segment as the actual site of pain
Define Somatic pain - ------correct answers---------arises from muscle, bone, joints, and skin. Either sharp
and well-localized or dull, aching, throbbing. depending on which fibers are carrying the impulse. (a-
fibers vs c fibers)
Define Visceral Pain - ------correct answers---------transmitted by C fibers and refers to pain in internal
organs and the lining of the body cavities with an aching, gnawing, throbbing, or intermittent cramping
quality. Radiates from actual site
Describe Cognitive evaluative system - ------correct answers---------mediated through the cerebral cortex.
*overlies the individual's learned behavior concerning the experience of pain and can modulate
perception of pain
Describe pain threshold - ------correct answers---------point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain and it
does not vary significantly among people or in the same person over time
Describe Pain tolerance - ------correct answers---------duration of time or the intensity of pain that an
individual will endure before initiating overt pain responses
*Generally decreased by a person's cultural perceptions, expectations, role behaviors, physical and
mental health, gender, age, fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehension, and sleep deprivation
*tolerance may be INCREASED by alcohol consumption, persistent use of pain medications, hypnosis,
warmth, distracting activities, and strong beliefs or faith
Describe the Affective-motivational system - ------correct answers---------mediated through the reticular
formation, limbic system, and brainstem with projections to the prefrontal cortex
*determines an individual's condition avoidance behaviors and emotional responses to pain
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NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam-
University of South Alabama questions and answers
A Beta fibers - ------correct answers---------Large myelinated fibers
*transmit touch and vibration sensations
*Do NOT normally transmit pain, but play a role in pain modulation
Abnormal ocular movements such as strabismus, nystagmus, and paralysis of extra ocular muscles can
be a result of damage to which cranial nerves? - ------correct answers---------Oculomotor, trochlear,
abducens
Afferent - ------correct answers---------Towards (towards the spinal cord)
autonomic nervous system (ANS) - ------correct answers---------located in both CNS and PNS
Maintains steady-state among visceral organs
Preganglionic (myelinated ) and Post ganglionic (non mylinated) nerve fibers
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
Brain receives how much cardiac output? - ------correct answers---------20% 800 to 1000ml of blood flow
per minute
Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - ------correct answers---------Motor
aspect of speech. Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability to form words.
"Expressive aphasia"
Cauda Equina - ------correct answers---------Nerve bundle at the end of the spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis - ------correct answers---------
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/docs/nu-545-advance-pathophysiology-unit-2-exam-university-of-south-alabama-questions-and-ans-1/15981660/
, Cognitive cerebral functions require a functioning what? - ------correct answers---------Reticular
Activating System (regulates aspects of attention, information processes and maintains consciousness
Concerning the nervous system, what happens with age? - ------correct answers---------decreased
number of neurons
decreased brain size and weight
fibrosis and thickening of the meninges
Narrowed gyri and widened sulci
Increased ventricles
Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - ------correct answers---------Contralateral
control
Conus Medullaris - ------correct answers---------End of spinal cord
Damage to the Cerebellum causes ipsilatereal damage or contralateral damage? - ------correct answers---
------Ipsilateral (same side)
Define Acute pain - ------correct answers---------normal protective mechanism that alerts the individual to
a condition or experience that is immediately harmful. Prompts body to mobilize and take prompt
action.
Duration: seconds to days. up to 3 months.
Define chronic neuropathic pain - ------correct answers---------long term plastic changes along the
somatosensory pathways from the periphery to the cortex and abnormal processing of sensory info by
PNS and CNS
Define Chronic pain - ------correct answers---------pain lasting well beyond the expected normal healing
time. more than 3-6 months. can be constant or intermittent.
Persistent pain can allow for physiologic adaptation such as BP and HR returning to normal range even
though pain is ongoing.
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/docs/nu-545-advance-pathophysiology-unit-2-exam-university-of-south-alabama-questions-and-ans-1/15981660/
, Downloaded by: alinemutua2 ()
Define neuropathic pain - ------correct answers---------chronic pain initiated or caused by primary lesion
or dysfunction in the nervous system. Leads to long-term changes in pain pathway structures and
abnormal processing of sensory information
Define Referred Pain - ------correct answers---------pain felt in an area removed or distant from its point
of origin. The area of referred pain is supplied by spinal segment as the actual site of pain
Define Somatic pain - ------correct answers---------arises from muscle, bone, joints, and skin. Either sharp
and well-localized or dull, aching, throbbing. depending on which fibers are carrying the impulse. (a-
fibers vs c fibers)
Define Visceral Pain - ------correct answers---------transmitted by C fibers and refers to pain in internal
organs and the lining of the body cavities with an aching, gnawing, throbbing, or intermittent cramping
quality. Radiates from actual site
Describe Cognitive evaluative system - ------correct answers---------mediated through the cerebral cortex.
*overlies the individual's learned behavior concerning the experience of pain and can modulate
perception of pain
Describe pain threshold - ------correct answers---------point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain and it
does not vary significantly among people or in the same person over time
Describe Pain tolerance - ------correct answers---------duration of time or the intensity of pain that an
individual will endure before initiating overt pain responses
*Generally decreased by a person's cultural perceptions, expectations, role behaviors, physical and
mental health, gender, age, fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehension, and sleep deprivation
*tolerance may be INCREASED by alcohol consumption, persistent use of pain medications, hypnosis,
warmth, distracting activities, and strong beliefs or faith
Describe the Affective-motivational system - ------correct answers---------mediated through the reticular
formation, limbic system, and brainstem with projections to the prefrontal cortex
*determines an individual's condition avoidance behaviors and emotional responses to pain
Document shared on https://www.docsity.com/en/docs/nu-545-advance-pathophysiology-unit-2-exam-university-of-south-alabama-questions-and-ans-1/15981660/
