BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology
II w/Lab Final Exam Review / BIOL 252
Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab
| Final Exam Review 90+ Questions and
Answers -Summary | LockDown
Browser | Portage Learning
Instructions: This examination consists of 150 multiple-choice questions. Each
question has four answer choices. Select the single best answer for each question.
This exam covers all major topics from the course, including endocrine,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and
reproductive systems.
Question 1
A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and elevated blood
glucose. Which hormone is most likely deficient?
A. Aldosterone
B. Insulin
C. Glucagon
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin deficiency prevents glucose uptake, causing hyperglycemia
and osmotic diuresis. This classic presentation indicates diabetes mellitus.
,Question 2
Which endocrine gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Pineal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The pituitary gland sits within the sella turcica, a bony depression in
the sphenoid bone. It is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum.
Question 3
A patient with a thyroid tumor develops palpitations, weight loss, and heat
intolerance. Which hormone is likely elevated?
A. Calcitonin
B. Thyroxine (T4)
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Excess thyroxine increases metabolic rate, causing hyperthyroidism
symptoms. Clinical pearl: this presentation suggests Graves' disease or toxic goiter.
Question 4
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces cortisol?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona fasciculata
,C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol,
under ACTH control. The glomerulosa makes aldosterone; the reticularis makes
androgens.
Question 5
A patient with Addison's disease would most likely exhibit which electrolyte
imbalance?
A. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
D. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aldosterone deficiency impairs sodium reabsorption and potassium
excretion, causing hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Clinical pearl: addisonian
crisis requires urgent fluid and steroid replacement.
Question 6
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A. Prolactin
B. Growth hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer: C
, Explanation: Oxytocin and ADH are stored and released from the posterior
pituitary. Other listed hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary.
Question 7
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Lower blood calcium
B. Increase blood calcium
C. Increase blood glucose
D. Decrease blood sodium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: PTH raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, renal
calcium reabsorption, and calcitriol activation. Calcitonin has the opposite effect.
Question 8
A patient taking exogenous glucocorticoids for months suddenly stops the
medication. What complication is most likely?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Adrenal crisis
C. Hypertension
D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Prolonged glucocorticoid use suppresses the HPA axis; abrupt
withdrawal can cause acute adrenal insufficiency. Clinical pearl: always taper
steroids gradually.
Question 9
II w/Lab Final Exam Review / BIOL 252
Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab
| Final Exam Review 90+ Questions and
Answers -Summary | LockDown
Browser | Portage Learning
Instructions: This examination consists of 150 multiple-choice questions. Each
question has four answer choices. Select the single best answer for each question.
This exam covers all major topics from the course, including endocrine,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and
reproductive systems.
Question 1
A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and elevated blood
glucose. Which hormone is most likely deficient?
A. Aldosterone
B. Insulin
C. Glucagon
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin deficiency prevents glucose uptake, causing hyperglycemia
and osmotic diuresis. This classic presentation indicates diabetes mellitus.
,Question 2
Which endocrine gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Pineal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The pituitary gland sits within the sella turcica, a bony depression in
the sphenoid bone. It is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum.
Question 3
A patient with a thyroid tumor develops palpitations, weight loss, and heat
intolerance. Which hormone is likely elevated?
A. Calcitonin
B. Thyroxine (T4)
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Excess thyroxine increases metabolic rate, causing hyperthyroidism
symptoms. Clinical pearl: this presentation suggests Graves' disease or toxic goiter.
Question 4
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces cortisol?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona fasciculata
,C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol,
under ACTH control. The glomerulosa makes aldosterone; the reticularis makes
androgens.
Question 5
A patient with Addison's disease would most likely exhibit which electrolyte
imbalance?
A. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
D. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aldosterone deficiency impairs sodium reabsorption and potassium
excretion, causing hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Clinical pearl: addisonian
crisis requires urgent fluid and steroid replacement.
Question 6
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A. Prolactin
B. Growth hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer: C
, Explanation: Oxytocin and ADH are stored and released from the posterior
pituitary. Other listed hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary.
Question 7
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Lower blood calcium
B. Increase blood calcium
C. Increase blood glucose
D. Decrease blood sodium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: PTH raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, renal
calcium reabsorption, and calcitriol activation. Calcitonin has the opposite effect.
Question 8
A patient taking exogenous glucocorticoids for months suddenly stops the
medication. What complication is most likely?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Adrenal crisis
C. Hypertension
D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Prolonged glucocorticoid use suppresses the HPA axis; abrupt
withdrawal can cause acute adrenal insufficiency. Clinical pearl: always taper
steroids gradually.
Question 9
