CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM
EXAM FREQUENTLY TESTED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Question 2.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid
tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction
occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated
lysis.
Question 3.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions
ANSWER
- Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that
was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues.
,Question 4.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs)
Question 5.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
ANSWER
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Question 6.
Autoimmunity
ANSWER
- Can be familial: Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several
members may have different disorders characterized by
a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions).
, Question 7.
Alloimmunity
ANSWER
- General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens
on the tissues of other members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized
against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction.
Question 8.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid (wouldn't use
antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1 receptors).
Question 9.
Differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 vs Type 4 Reaction
ANSWER
- Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions.
- Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of
contact with the allergen.
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex- poison ivy
EXAM FREQUENTLY TESTED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Question 2.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid
tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction
occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated
lysis.
Question 3.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions
ANSWER
- Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that
was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues.
,Question 4.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs)
Question 5.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
ANSWER
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Question 6.
Autoimmunity
ANSWER
- Can be familial: Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several
members may have different disorders characterized by
a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions).
, Question 7.
Alloimmunity
ANSWER
- General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens
on the tissues of other members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized
against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction.
Question 8.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction
ANSWER
- T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid (wouldn't use
antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1 receptors).
Question 9.
Differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 vs Type 4 Reaction
ANSWER
- Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions.
- Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of
contact with the allergen.
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex- poison ivy
