CardiovasCular disorders
questions with answers
newest edition
1. A patient with heart failure develops increasing shortness of breath and new crackles on
lung auscultation. Which nursing action is the priority?
A. Encourage the patient to walk in the hallway
B. Assess respiratory status and oxygenation, position to ease breathing, and promptly
escalate care
C. Offer a large glass of water
D. Delay reassessment until the next scheduled observation
Answer: B. 呼吸困难加重和新发湿啰音提示肺淤血。优先进行呼吸评估、适当体位、
监测和升级护理。活动或延迟评估可能不安全。
2. A patient receiving continuous IV heparin for pulmonary embolism has an aPTT of 110
seconds (therapeutic range 60-80 seconds) and new hematuria. Which action should the
nurse anticipate first?
A. Administer vitamin K 10 mg IV push
B. Stop the heparin infusion and prepare to administer protamine sulfate
C. Continue the infusion and recheck aPTT in 6 hours
D. Transfuse fresh frozen plasma immediately
Answer: B. aPTT 超治疗范围伴出血提示抗凝过度；应停用肝素并准备给予鱼精蛋白。
维生素 K 用于华法林，FFP 不是肝素逆转的首选。
3. A patient with sepsis and ARDS on mechanical ventilation has a sudden drop in oxygen
saturation and increased peak airway pressure. Which condition should the nurse suspect
first?
A. Pneumothorax
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Mucus plug
D. Worsening ARDS
Answer: A. 机械通气患者突然氧饱和度下降和气道峰压升高应首先怀疑气胸。
4. A nurse is teaching a client about nitroglycerin use. Which statement indicates a need
for further education?
,A. "I will take 1 or 2 more times 5 minutes apart if pain does not get better"
B. "I will chew my nitroglycerin tabs as soon as pain begins"
C. "I will call 911 if pain persists after 3 doses"
D. "I will store my nitroglycerin in a dark, dry place"
Answer: B. 舌下含服片应在舌下溶解，不应咀嚼。咀嚼会破坏舌下给药机制。
5. A patient with heart failure and a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) presents with low-
flow alarms and MAP of 55 mm Hg. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Increase the LVAD speed to improve cardiac output
B. Administer intravenous nitroglycerin to reduce afterload
C. Check the driveline site for signs of infection
D. Perform a focused assessment including volume status and device settings
Answer: D. 低流量报警和低血压需要系统评估前负荷、后负荷和设备参数。在评估前
增加速度或给予血管扩张剂可能加重情况。
6. A patient on telemetry is found unconscious and in pulseless ventricular tachycardia
(VT). The patient has an implanted automatic defibrillator. What action should the nurse
implement?
A. Perform CPR only
B. Shock the client with 200 joules per hospital policy
C. Wait for the implanted defibrillator to fire
D. Administer amiodarone
Answer: B. 无脉性 VT 需要立即除颤。不应等待植入式除颤器。
7. A client with hypertension has been receiving ramipril 5 mg PO daily for 2 weeks. Blood
pressure is 120/70 mm Hg. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Administer the prescribed dose at the scheduled time
B. Hold the dose and contact the provider
C. Hold the dose and recheck BP in 1 hour
D. Check the prescription to clarify the dose
Answer: A. 血压在正常范围，表明药物有效，应按计划给药。
8. A client with heart failure is prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg PO. Apical heart rate is 70 bpm,
BP 125/75, RR 18. Which action should the nurse implement?
A. Administer the medication
B. Inform the healthcare provider
C. Review the vital sign flowsheet
D. Reassess the apical heart rate
, Answer: A. 心率 >60 bpm 且无毒性体征，应给予地高辛。
9. A postoperative patient develops sudden shortness of breath and chest pain. What is
the priority response?
A. Encourage the patient to sleep
B. Obtain an urgent assessment and activate the appropriate emergency response
C. Wait until the next routine vital-sign check
D. Offer a meal to improve energy
Answer: B. 突发胸痛和呼吸困难可能提示肺栓塞，需要立即评估和升级。
10. A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with sudden, excruciating
abdominal pain out of proportion to exam findings. CT angiography reveals an occlusion in
a major abdominal vessel. Which vessel is most likely occluded?
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery
D. Renal artery
Answer: B. 房颤患者出现与体征不成比例的严重腹痛提示急性肠系膜缺血，通常由肠
系膜上动脉栓塞性闭塞引起。
Section 2: Respiratory Disorders (呼吸系统疾病)
11. A male adult comes to urgent care 5 days after being diagnosed with influenza. He is
short of breath, febrile, and coughing green sputum. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A. Obtain a sputum sample for culture
B. Check his oxygen saturation level
C. Administer an oral antipyretic
D. Auscultate bilateral lung sounds
Answer: B. 优先评估氧合状态。如果氧饱和度低，需要立即干预。
12. A patient with COPD has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital
capacity (FVC) ratio of less than 70%. This indicates:
A. Obstructive lung disease
B. Restrictive lung disease
C. Normal lung function
D. A mixed defect
questions with answers
newest edition
1. A patient with heart failure develops increasing shortness of breath and new crackles on
lung auscultation. Which nursing action is the priority?
A. Encourage the patient to walk in the hallway
B. Assess respiratory status and oxygenation, position to ease breathing, and promptly
escalate care
C. Offer a large glass of water
D. Delay reassessment until the next scheduled observation
Answer: B. 呼吸困难加重和新发湿啰音提示肺淤血。优先进行呼吸评估、适当体位、
监测和升级护理。活动或延迟评估可能不安全。
2. A patient receiving continuous IV heparin for pulmonary embolism has an aPTT of 110
seconds (therapeutic range 60-80 seconds) and new hematuria. Which action should the
nurse anticipate first?
A. Administer vitamin K 10 mg IV push
B. Stop the heparin infusion and prepare to administer protamine sulfate
C. Continue the infusion and recheck aPTT in 6 hours
D. Transfuse fresh frozen plasma immediately
Answer: B. aPTT 超治疗范围伴出血提示抗凝过度；应停用肝素并准备给予鱼精蛋白。
维生素 K 用于华法林，FFP 不是肝素逆转的首选。
3. A patient with sepsis and ARDS on mechanical ventilation has a sudden drop in oxygen
saturation and increased peak airway pressure. Which condition should the nurse suspect
first?
A. Pneumothorax
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Mucus plug
D. Worsening ARDS
Answer: A. 机械通气患者突然氧饱和度下降和气道峰压升高应首先怀疑气胸。
4. A nurse is teaching a client about nitroglycerin use. Which statement indicates a need
for further education?
,A. "I will take 1 or 2 more times 5 minutes apart if pain does not get better"
B. "I will chew my nitroglycerin tabs as soon as pain begins"
C. "I will call 911 if pain persists after 3 doses"
D. "I will store my nitroglycerin in a dark, dry place"
Answer: B. 舌下含服片应在舌下溶解，不应咀嚼。咀嚼会破坏舌下给药机制。
5. A patient with heart failure and a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) presents with low-
flow alarms and MAP of 55 mm Hg. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Increase the LVAD speed to improve cardiac output
B. Administer intravenous nitroglycerin to reduce afterload
C. Check the driveline site for signs of infection
D. Perform a focused assessment including volume status and device settings
Answer: D. 低流量报警和低血压需要系统评估前负荷、后负荷和设备参数。在评估前
增加速度或给予血管扩张剂可能加重情况。
6. A patient on telemetry is found unconscious and in pulseless ventricular tachycardia
(VT). The patient has an implanted automatic defibrillator. What action should the nurse
implement?
A. Perform CPR only
B. Shock the client with 200 joules per hospital policy
C. Wait for the implanted defibrillator to fire
D. Administer amiodarone
Answer: B. 无脉性 VT 需要立即除颤。不应等待植入式除颤器。
7. A client with hypertension has been receiving ramipril 5 mg PO daily for 2 weeks. Blood
pressure is 120/70 mm Hg. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Administer the prescribed dose at the scheduled time
B. Hold the dose and contact the provider
C. Hold the dose and recheck BP in 1 hour
D. Check the prescription to clarify the dose
Answer: A. 血压在正常范围，表明药物有效，应按计划给药。
8. A client with heart failure is prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg PO. Apical heart rate is 70 bpm,
BP 125/75, RR 18. Which action should the nurse implement?
A. Administer the medication
B. Inform the healthcare provider
C. Review the vital sign flowsheet
D. Reassess the apical heart rate
, Answer: A. 心率 >60 bpm 且无毒性体征，应给予地高辛。
9. A postoperative patient develops sudden shortness of breath and chest pain. What is
the priority response?
A. Encourage the patient to sleep
B. Obtain an urgent assessment and activate the appropriate emergency response
C. Wait until the next routine vital-sign check
D. Offer a meal to improve energy
Answer: B. 突发胸痛和呼吸困难可能提示肺栓塞，需要立即评估和升级。
10. A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with sudden, excruciating
abdominal pain out of proportion to exam findings. CT angiography reveals an occlusion in
a major abdominal vessel. Which vessel is most likely occluded?
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery
D. Renal artery
Answer: B. 房颤患者出现与体征不成比例的严重腹痛提示急性肠系膜缺血，通常由肠
系膜上动脉栓塞性闭塞引起。
Section 2: Respiratory Disorders (呼吸系统疾病)
11. A male adult comes to urgent care 5 days after being diagnosed with influenza. He is
short of breath, febrile, and coughing green sputum. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A. Obtain a sputum sample for culture
B. Check his oxygen saturation level
C. Administer an oral antipyretic
D. Auscultate bilateral lung sounds
Answer: B. 优先评估氧合状态。如果氧饱和度低，需要立即干预。
12. A patient with COPD has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital
capacity (FVC) ratio of less than 70%. This indicates:
A. Obstructive lung disease
B. Restrictive lung disease
C. Normal lung function
D. A mixed defect
