ANPH 1002 Final Exam — 100 Practice
Questions with Answers
Section 1: Cell Biology & Basic Principles (Q1–
10)
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
2. What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Epithelial tissue
Answer: D
3. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of which two molecules?
A) Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B) Phospholipids and proteins
C) Steroids and glycoproteins
D) Cellulose and cholesterol
Answer: B
4. Which cellular process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane?
A) Active transport
B) Phagocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C
5. What is the function of ribosomes?
,A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) Waste elimination
Answer: B
6. Which type of cell junction forms a watertight seal between cells?
A) Gap junctions
B) Tight junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Plasmodesmata
Answer: B
7. Homeostasis is best defined as:
A) A constant state maintained within the body
B) A dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment
C) The sum of all chemical reactions
D) The steady increase in body temperature
Answer: B
8. The primary element forming the backbone of organic molecules is:
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Carbon
Answer: D
9. Which level of structural organization is the smallest living unit?
A) Chemical
B) Cellular
C) Tissue
D) Organ
Answer: B
10. A solution with a pH of 9 is considered:
A) Strongly acidic
B) Neutral
C) Weakly alkaline
D) Strongly alkaline
, Answer: C
Section 2: Endocrine System (Q11–25)
11. A patient presents with unexplained weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and
exophthalmos. Laboratory tests show elevated T3 and T4 with suppressed TSH. Which
condition is MOST consistent with these findings?
A) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B) Graves' disease
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Myxedema
Answer: B
12. Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and acts to
decrease blood glucose levels?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Somatostatin
D) Pancreatic polypeptide
Answer: B
13. A 45-year-old patient presents with central obesity, moon face, purple striae, and
hypertension. Laboratory tests show elevated cortisol levels that do not suppress with
low-dose dexamethasone. Which condition is MOST likely?
A) Addison's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Pheochromocytoma
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B
14. Which of the following hormones uses a second messenger system involving cAMP and
does NOT directly enter target cells?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Epinephrine
D) Testosterone
Answer: C
15. The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, which are
stored and released by which structure?
Questions with Answers
Section 1: Cell Biology & Basic Principles (Q1–
10)
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
2. What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Epithelial tissue
Answer: D
3. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of which two molecules?
A) Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B) Phospholipids and proteins
C) Steroids and glycoproteins
D) Cellulose and cholesterol
Answer: B
4. Which cellular process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane?
A) Active transport
B) Phagocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C
5. What is the function of ribosomes?
,A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) Waste elimination
Answer: B
6. Which type of cell junction forms a watertight seal between cells?
A) Gap junctions
B) Tight junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Plasmodesmata
Answer: B
7. Homeostasis is best defined as:
A) A constant state maintained within the body
B) A dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment
C) The sum of all chemical reactions
D) The steady increase in body temperature
Answer: B
8. The primary element forming the backbone of organic molecules is:
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Carbon
Answer: D
9. Which level of structural organization is the smallest living unit?
A) Chemical
B) Cellular
C) Tissue
D) Organ
Answer: B
10. A solution with a pH of 9 is considered:
A) Strongly acidic
B) Neutral
C) Weakly alkaline
D) Strongly alkaline
, Answer: C
Section 2: Endocrine System (Q11–25)
11. A patient presents with unexplained weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and
exophthalmos. Laboratory tests show elevated T3 and T4 with suppressed TSH. Which
condition is MOST consistent with these findings?
A) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B) Graves' disease
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Myxedema
Answer: B
12. Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and acts to
decrease blood glucose levels?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Somatostatin
D) Pancreatic polypeptide
Answer: B
13. A 45-year-old patient presents with central obesity, moon face, purple striae, and
hypertension. Laboratory tests show elevated cortisol levels that do not suppress with
low-dose dexamethasone. Which condition is MOST likely?
A) Addison's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Pheochromocytoma
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B
14. Which of the following hormones uses a second messenger system involving cAMP and
does NOT directly enter target cells?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Epinephrine
D) Testosterone
Answer: C
15. The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, which are
stored and released by which structure?
