AdvAnced neurobiology &
PsychoPAthology questions with
Answers new edition
1. Which dopaminergic pathway is primarily implicated in the positive symptoms of
schizophrenia?
A) Mesocortical pathway
B) Mesolimbic pathway
C) Nigrostriatal pathway
D) Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Answer: B. 中脑边缘通路（mesolimbic pathway）的多巴胺过度活跃与精神分裂症的阳
性症状（幻觉、妄想）相关。中脑皮质通路功能低下与阴性症状相关。
2. A patient with schizophrenia presents with flat affect, alogia, and avolition. These
symptoms correlate with dysfunction in which pathway?
A) Mesolimbic hyperactivity
B) Mesocortical hypofunction
C) Nigrostriatal degeneration
D) Tuberoinfundibular dysregulation
Answer: B. 中脑皮质通路（mesocortical pathway）投射至前额叶皮层，功能低下导致阴
性症状和认知缺陷。
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by benzodiazepines?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) GABA
D) Norepinephrine
Answer: C. 苯二氮䓬类药物增强 GABA-A 受体功能，增加氯离子内流，导致神经元超极
化。
4. Chronic hypercortisolemia in major depressive disorder leads to which structural brain
change?
A) Enlargement of the caudate nucleus
B) Hypertrophy of the visual cortex
,C) Atrophy and dendritic retraction of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
D) Demyelination of peripheral nerves
Answer: C. 慢性压力导致皮质醇升高，降低 BDNF，引起海马神经元树突回缩和萎缩。
5. Which laboratory value requires monitoring in a patient taking clozapine?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Absolute neutrophil count
C) Platelet count
D) Serum potassium
Answer: B. 氯氮平可导致粒细胞缺乏症，需定期监测绝对中性粒细胞计数（ANC）。
6. A patient taking lithium reports nausea, vomiting, and coarse hand tremors. The nurse
should:
A) Administer the next scheduled dose
B) Hold the medication and notify the provider
C) Encourage increased fluid intake
D) Document and continue monitoring
Answer: B. 这些是锂中毒的体征（水平通常 >1.5 mEq/L）；应立即暂停用药并通知医生
。
7. What is the primary mechanism of SSRIs in treating depression?
A) Blocking serotonin reuptake
B) Blocking norepinephrine reuptake
C) Blocking dopamine reuptake
D) Enhancing GABA activity
Answer: A. SSRI 阻断血清素再摄取，增加突触间隙血清素水平。
8. A patient taking an SSRI reports agitation, confusion, and muscle rigidity. The nurse
should suspect:
A) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
B) Serotonin syndrome
C) Lithium toxicity
D) Acute dystonia
Answer: B. 血清素综合征的特征是激动、高热、出汗、震颤和意识改变；属于医疗急
症。
9. Which medication is associated with metabolic syndrome?
A) Risperidone
, B) Haloperidol
C) Fluoxetine
D) Lithium
Answer: A. 非典型抗精神病药（利培酮、奥氮平）增加体重增加、糖尿病和血脂异常
风险。
10. A patient prescribed an MAOI should avoid which food?
A) Fresh fruits
B) Aged cheese and cured meats
C) Whole grain breads
D) Dairy products
Answer: B. MAOI 与富含酪胺的食物（陈年奶酪、腌肉）相互作用，可导致高血压危象
。
Section 2: Theoretical Frameworks & Therapeutic Modalities (理论框架与治疗模式)
11. According to Freud's psychosexual theory, unresolved conflict during which stage can
lead to obsessive-compulsive personality traits?
A) Oral stage
B) Anal stage
C) Phallic stage
D) Genital stage
Answer: B. 肛门期（1-3岁）涉及如厕训练；未解决的冲突可导致肛门滞留型特征，表
现为僵化、秩序和过度控制。
12. Erikson's stage for 0-18 months is:
A) Autonomy vs. Shame
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B. 需求满足 = 信任；未满足 = 不信任。
13. Who founded Motivational Interviewing?
A) William Miller
B) Jean Baker Miller
C) Prochaska and Velicer
D) Fritz Perls
PsychoPAthology questions with
Answers new edition
1. Which dopaminergic pathway is primarily implicated in the positive symptoms of
schizophrenia?
A) Mesocortical pathway
B) Mesolimbic pathway
C) Nigrostriatal pathway
D) Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Answer: B. 中脑边缘通路（mesolimbic pathway）的多巴胺过度活跃与精神分裂症的阳
性症状（幻觉、妄想）相关。中脑皮质通路功能低下与阴性症状相关。
2. A patient with schizophrenia presents with flat affect, alogia, and avolition. These
symptoms correlate with dysfunction in which pathway?
A) Mesolimbic hyperactivity
B) Mesocortical hypofunction
C) Nigrostriatal degeneration
D) Tuberoinfundibular dysregulation
Answer: B. 中脑皮质通路（mesocortical pathway）投射至前额叶皮层，功能低下导致阴
性症状和认知缺陷。
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by benzodiazepines?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) GABA
D) Norepinephrine
Answer: C. 苯二氮䓬类药物增强 GABA-A 受体功能，增加氯离子内流，导致神经元超极
化。
4. Chronic hypercortisolemia in major depressive disorder leads to which structural brain
change?
A) Enlargement of the caudate nucleus
B) Hypertrophy of the visual cortex
,C) Atrophy and dendritic retraction of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
D) Demyelination of peripheral nerves
Answer: C. 慢性压力导致皮质醇升高，降低 BDNF，引起海马神经元树突回缩和萎缩。
5. Which laboratory value requires monitoring in a patient taking clozapine?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Absolute neutrophil count
C) Platelet count
D) Serum potassium
Answer: B. 氯氮平可导致粒细胞缺乏症，需定期监测绝对中性粒细胞计数（ANC）。
6. A patient taking lithium reports nausea, vomiting, and coarse hand tremors. The nurse
should:
A) Administer the next scheduled dose
B) Hold the medication and notify the provider
C) Encourage increased fluid intake
D) Document and continue monitoring
Answer: B. 这些是锂中毒的体征（水平通常 >1.5 mEq/L）；应立即暂停用药并通知医生
。
7. What is the primary mechanism of SSRIs in treating depression?
A) Blocking serotonin reuptake
B) Blocking norepinephrine reuptake
C) Blocking dopamine reuptake
D) Enhancing GABA activity
Answer: A. SSRI 阻断血清素再摄取，增加突触间隙血清素水平。
8. A patient taking an SSRI reports agitation, confusion, and muscle rigidity. The nurse
should suspect:
A) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
B) Serotonin syndrome
C) Lithium toxicity
D) Acute dystonia
Answer: B. 血清素综合征的特征是激动、高热、出汗、震颤和意识改变；属于医疗急
症。
9. Which medication is associated with metabolic syndrome?
A) Risperidone
, B) Haloperidol
C) Fluoxetine
D) Lithium
Answer: A. 非典型抗精神病药（利培酮、奥氮平）增加体重增加、糖尿病和血脂异常
风险。
10. A patient prescribed an MAOI should avoid which food?
A) Fresh fruits
B) Aged cheese and cured meats
C) Whole grain breads
D) Dairy products
Answer: B. MAOI 与富含酪胺的食物（陈年奶酪、腌肉）相互作用，可导致高血压危象
。
Section 2: Theoretical Frameworks & Therapeutic Modalities (理论框架与治疗模式)
11. According to Freud's psychosexual theory, unresolved conflict during which stage can
lead to obsessive-compulsive personality traits?
A) Oral stage
B) Anal stage
C) Phallic stage
D) Genital stage
Answer: B. 肛门期（1-3岁）涉及如厕训练；未解决的冲突可导致肛门滞留型特征，表
现为僵化、秩序和过度控制。
12. Erikson's stage for 0-18 months is:
A) Autonomy vs. Shame
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B. 需求满足 = 信任；未满足 = 不信任。
13. Who founded Motivational Interviewing?
A) William Miller
B) Jean Baker Miller
C) Prochaska and Velicer
D) Fritz Perls
