NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide 2026 Verified Answers

2026 NSG 533 Advanced k k k k




Pharmacology / EXAM 1 Complete k kk k k k




Guide with Questions and Verified k k k k k




Answers 100% Correct k k




What are the goals set by ACE /ACCE and are they written in stone f
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or all patients? - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
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Primary target for glycemic control is HbA1C
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Individualize HbA1C goal - k k k


based on...Duration of DMAge/life expectancyComorbid conditions
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Known CVD or advanced comorbid conditionsHypoglycemic unawaren
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ess
Individual patient considerations
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,Please note when transitioning from oral therapy for type II DM to insuli
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n, metformin is retained! Secretagogues are discontinued possibly whe
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n basal insulin is initiated, but definitely when prandial (fast/rapid) insuli
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n is to be added - ✔✔✔ANSWER-
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Options to add to basal insulin for prandial coverage...
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Fast-
acting insulin DPP k k




-
4 inhibitors Increti
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n mimetics Glinide
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s
Alpha-
glucosidase inhibitors Coles k k




evelam


What are the various types of oral and non-
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insulin medications and what represents a rational combination of
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medications? - k



✔✔✔ANSWER-
Combinations should have different mechanism of action k k k k k k




Combinations should avoid overlapping ADRs k k k k




Combinations should ideally be selected based on need for better basal k k k k k k k k k k


vs post-prandial control
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Selection should account for patient specific concerns (eg. weight, C
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VD risk, etc) k k




What antidiabetic medications have compelling indications: -
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✔✔✔ANSWER-

,for those with underlying ASCVD or at high risk for CVD
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, for those with CKD
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for those with a compelling need to avoid hypoglycemia
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for those where weight is an important consideration (ie which are asso
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ciated with weight loss, gain or are weight neutral)
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What are the various insulins and describe the pharmacokinetics
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(onset, peak, duration)and how are they used (eg basal, basal-
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bolus, split-mixed, sliding scale (..Ask if you don't understand)). -
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✔✔✔ANSWER-Basal-
bolus (long acting basal + rapid/fast acting bolus) provides the greate
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st flexibility and control of all regimens
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Sliding Scale Should NOT be used
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Difficult to do in home setting, requires education and understandi
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ng of patient and caregiver
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Allows patient to become hyperglycemic, better to schedule dosing a
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nd prevent rises in BG
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Requires frequent blood glucose monitoring, $$$ and compliance issue
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s




EP is a 38-year-
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old female patient that comes in for diabetes education and manage
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ment. She was diagnosed 12 years ago and states lately she is not a
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ble to control her diet although she continues a 1600 calorie diet with
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appropriate daily carbohydrate intake (per dietitian prescription) and
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walks 40 minutes every day of the week. She states compliance with
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all medications. She denies
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