BIOL 3442 UTA | SURE TO PASS|LATEST
RELEASE | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What is proprioception?
Answer: The sense of the position and movement of body parts.
2. What is one function of peripheral proteins listed in the slides?
Answer: They may act as digestive enzymes.
3. What are beta waves?
Answer: Smaller and faster brain waves (lowest amplitude and high frequency; 12-40 Hz),
indicating mental activity (awake and alert) such as conscious thought and analytical thinking; has a
stimulating effect
• caffeine consumption increases beta waves.
4. What two reactions involve the creation or consumption of water?
Answer: Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
5. What do osmoreceptors detect?
Answer: Solute concentrations in body fluids.
6. What is a compound?
Answer: A substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.
7. What do microglia do?
Answer: Perform immune surveillance and digest debris/pathogens.
8. What is tritanopia?
Answer: Blue color blindness: an inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short
wavelengths are confused (rare); "blue" cones are either lacking or faulty
9. What is the action of the pectoralis major (agonist)?
Answer: Shoulder abduction/adduction
10. What increases nerve impulse speed?
Answer: Larger axon diameter and myelination.
11. Is allosteric modulation reversible?
Answer: Yes.
Page 1 of 52
,12. What types of elements typically form an ionic compound according to the slides?
Answer: One metal and one nonmetal.
13. What activates ligand-gated channels?
Answer: Binding of a specific chemical ligand.
14. What does an excitatory synapse do to membrane potential?
Answer: Moves it toward threshold.
15. What is interoception?
Answer: Sensation of internal conditions and stimuli from organs and tissues.
16. What is a neuron?
Answer: The functional nerve cell that transmits information.
17. What is the motor function of the nervous system?
Answer: Responds to signals to help maintain homeostasis.
18. Why does an action potential normally travel one direction?
Answer: The refractory region behind it cannot immediately depolarize again.
19. What organelle is listed as the site associated with rough membranes and
ribosomes?
Answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
20. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located on the next neuron?
Answer: On the postsynaptic membrane, often on dendrites.
21. What is a nonpolar molecule?
Answer: A molecule with no region that is substantially more positive or negative than another.
22. What structures within papillae contain gustatory receptor cells?
Answer: Taste buds.
23. What are the four main electrical rhythms of the EEG?
Answer: Alpha waves, beta waves, theta waves, delta waves.
24. What does an allosteric inhibitor do?
Answer: Decreases the binding site's affinity for a ligand.
Page 2 of 52
,25. What is the glycocalyx?
Answer: A fuzzy coating around the cell formed from glycoproteins and other
membrane-associated carbohydrates.
26. What would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve was severed?
Answer: Because the dorsal nerve roots control sensory info., it would cause numbness, pain and
interruption in sensation.
27. What is development?
Answer: All of the changes the body goes through during life.
28. Do pain receptors adapt to the stimulus?
Answer: No; including cold-pain and heat-pain.
(all other receptors adapt to a constant stimulus)
29. What is the sliding filament mechanism?
Answer: Process of muscle contraction in which shortening occurs by thick and thin filaments
sliding past each other
• the Z discs pulling together. The I band and H zone shorten, and the A band remains the same
length
30. What are the major levels of organization of the body from simplest to most
complex?
Answer: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal.
31. What mineral salt is important in teeth and bones?
Answer: Calcium phosphate.
32. What do thermoreceptors detect?
Answer: Temperature changes above or below normal body temperature.
33. What does the neuron cell body (soma) contain?
Answer: The nucleus and other cellular organelles.
34. What are alpha waves?
Answer: The relatively slow brain waves indicating a state of relaxation or light sleep (8-12 Hz);
moderate amplitude and frequency
• higher in women than men
• higher in extroverts than introverts.
35. Which two somatosensory signals are commonly transduced by free nerve endings?
Answer: Pain and temperature.
Page 3 of 52
, 36. What is a vasoconstrictor?
Answer: Blood vessel narrows, inc. in resistance against which the heart must pump, dec. CO
(parasympathetic dec. CO)
37. Does opening the eyes increase or decrease alpha wave amplitude?
Answer: Decrease
38. What is a G protein?
Answer: A protein involved in intracellular signaling after activation of a metabotropic receptor.
39. What receptor type is involved in bitter taste?
Answer: G protein–coupled receptors.
40. What is an example of a weak base listed in the slides?
Answer: Bicarbonate, HCO3−.
41. What does the sacral plexus (S1-S5) supply?
Answer: Nerves to the posterior leg.
42. What is a triglyceride made of?
Answer: One glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids.
43. What is a general sense?
Answer: A sensory modality whose receptors are distributed throughout the body rather than
restricted to a specialized sensory organ.
44. What interactions can contribute to tertiary protein structure?
Answer: Disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der
Waals forces.
45. What are the four types of papillae listed in the lecture?
Answer: Circumvallate, foliate, filiform, and fungiform.
46. What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer: The arousing subdivision of the ANS that mobilizes the body for potential danger or stress
("fight-or-flight") by increasing activity and endurance:
• inc. heart rate
• inc. blood pressure
• inc. epinephrine/norepinephrine levels
• inc. breakdown of glycogen stores
Page 4 of 52
RELEASE | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What is proprioception?
Answer: The sense of the position and movement of body parts.
2. What is one function of peripheral proteins listed in the slides?
Answer: They may act as digestive enzymes.
3. What are beta waves?
Answer: Smaller and faster brain waves (lowest amplitude and high frequency; 12-40 Hz),
indicating mental activity (awake and alert) such as conscious thought and analytical thinking; has a
stimulating effect
• caffeine consumption increases beta waves.
4. What two reactions involve the creation or consumption of water?
Answer: Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
5. What do osmoreceptors detect?
Answer: Solute concentrations in body fluids.
6. What is a compound?
Answer: A substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.
7. What do microglia do?
Answer: Perform immune surveillance and digest debris/pathogens.
8. What is tritanopia?
Answer: Blue color blindness: an inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short
wavelengths are confused (rare); "blue" cones are either lacking or faulty
9. What is the action of the pectoralis major (agonist)?
Answer: Shoulder abduction/adduction
10. What increases nerve impulse speed?
Answer: Larger axon diameter and myelination.
11. Is allosteric modulation reversible?
Answer: Yes.
Page 1 of 52
,12. What types of elements typically form an ionic compound according to the slides?
Answer: One metal and one nonmetal.
13. What activates ligand-gated channels?
Answer: Binding of a specific chemical ligand.
14. What does an excitatory synapse do to membrane potential?
Answer: Moves it toward threshold.
15. What is interoception?
Answer: Sensation of internal conditions and stimuli from organs and tissues.
16. What is a neuron?
Answer: The functional nerve cell that transmits information.
17. What is the motor function of the nervous system?
Answer: Responds to signals to help maintain homeostasis.
18. Why does an action potential normally travel one direction?
Answer: The refractory region behind it cannot immediately depolarize again.
19. What organelle is listed as the site associated with rough membranes and
ribosomes?
Answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
20. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located on the next neuron?
Answer: On the postsynaptic membrane, often on dendrites.
21. What is a nonpolar molecule?
Answer: A molecule with no region that is substantially more positive or negative than another.
22. What structures within papillae contain gustatory receptor cells?
Answer: Taste buds.
23. What are the four main electrical rhythms of the EEG?
Answer: Alpha waves, beta waves, theta waves, delta waves.
24. What does an allosteric inhibitor do?
Answer: Decreases the binding site's affinity for a ligand.
Page 2 of 52
,25. What is the glycocalyx?
Answer: A fuzzy coating around the cell formed from glycoproteins and other
membrane-associated carbohydrates.
26. What would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve was severed?
Answer: Because the dorsal nerve roots control sensory info., it would cause numbness, pain and
interruption in sensation.
27. What is development?
Answer: All of the changes the body goes through during life.
28. Do pain receptors adapt to the stimulus?
Answer: No; including cold-pain and heat-pain.
(all other receptors adapt to a constant stimulus)
29. What is the sliding filament mechanism?
Answer: Process of muscle contraction in which shortening occurs by thick and thin filaments
sliding past each other
• the Z discs pulling together. The I band and H zone shorten, and the A band remains the same
length
30. What are the major levels of organization of the body from simplest to most
complex?
Answer: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal.
31. What mineral salt is important in teeth and bones?
Answer: Calcium phosphate.
32. What do thermoreceptors detect?
Answer: Temperature changes above or below normal body temperature.
33. What does the neuron cell body (soma) contain?
Answer: The nucleus and other cellular organelles.
34. What are alpha waves?
Answer: The relatively slow brain waves indicating a state of relaxation or light sleep (8-12 Hz);
moderate amplitude and frequency
• higher in women than men
• higher in extroverts than introverts.
35. Which two somatosensory signals are commonly transduced by free nerve endings?
Answer: Pain and temperature.
Page 3 of 52
, 36. What is a vasoconstrictor?
Answer: Blood vessel narrows, inc. in resistance against which the heart must pump, dec. CO
(parasympathetic dec. CO)
37. Does opening the eyes increase or decrease alpha wave amplitude?
Answer: Decrease
38. What is a G protein?
Answer: A protein involved in intracellular signaling after activation of a metabotropic receptor.
39. What receptor type is involved in bitter taste?
Answer: G protein–coupled receptors.
40. What is an example of a weak base listed in the slides?
Answer: Bicarbonate, HCO3−.
41. What does the sacral plexus (S1-S5) supply?
Answer: Nerves to the posterior leg.
42. What is a triglyceride made of?
Answer: One glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids.
43. What is a general sense?
Answer: A sensory modality whose receptors are distributed throughout the body rather than
restricted to a specialized sensory organ.
44. What interactions can contribute to tertiary protein structure?
Answer: Disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der
Waals forces.
45. What are the four types of papillae listed in the lecture?
Answer: Circumvallate, foliate, filiform, and fungiform.
46. What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer: The arousing subdivision of the ANS that mobilizes the body for potential danger or stress
("fight-or-flight") by increasing activity and endurance:
• inc. heart rate
• inc. blood pressure
• inc. epinephrine/norepinephrine levels
• inc. breakdown of glycogen stores
Page 4 of 52
