LING 115 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Why is it so difficult to define middle class in India? - Correct Answers -Because there is
a lot of diversity. Caste, class, religion, where they live (big city, small town)
What is meant by the terms SEC A and SEC B consumers? - Correct Answers -Socio
economic class A and B. High end consumers (A) and non English speaking, regional
language, watch Hindi films, and not as outward bound (B)
What are the consumers' attitudinal/psychological associations with Hindi and English in
the product ads in India? - Correct Answers -Hindi creates a feeling of solidarity. A
professional and family image. Used for products that are used on a daily basis. English
equals modern, luxury, upward mobility.
Has globalization accentuated the class difference in India? How? - Correct Answers -
Yes it has, it has created two Indias. One the English speaking India and the not English
speaking india. Exentured even more.
What is the 'think small' strategy Indian products sellers very frequently use in the Indian
markets? - Correct Answers -When a new product, especially something new and
global (daily use soap and shampoo). Most people will be feeling priced out so in order
to get those people in the game the creators make small versions of the new brands.
What are some of the important cultural changes typically attributed to the multi million
Rs advertisement campaigns in India? - Correct Answers -Many different ads have
caused this change. 1. The rise of individualism, ads contribute to that. You like this,
you use this, etc. Insurance product is very individual. 2. Consumerism is okay, you
should buy lots of things you dont need, live it up. 3. Opening up of cultural norms, like
love and sex. Rise in condom commercials.
What topics and themes are meticulously avoided by advertisers in India? - Correct
Answers -2. Caste and religion. Those are two super problematic things that don't get
brought up.
What is Fishman's advice to Indians who are serious about the maintenance and growth
of Indian languages in India? - Correct Answers -He wants anybody who is serious
about maintaining their languages has to use their languages intergenerationally. They
have to take personal responsibility for the language.
Define the following terms: inner circle, outer circle, and the expanding circle of English?
Who coined these terms? - Correct Answers -Raj Catru (look up) inner circle: native
english speaking (US, UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand). outer circle: ex-colonies
(Pakistan, India, etc) English is well entrenched but there are other languages that are
, doing well. Expanding circles: The desire to learn english is new but there. Not as well
established (China)
What is meant by ESL and EFL? - Correct Answers -ESL: English as a second
language. EFL: English as a foreign language. They are taught differently. ESL you can
walk outside and speak english with others. EFL you cannot. India is very much EFL.
What are some of the important reasons for code mixing with English in India? - Correct
Answers -First, it is need based. There are many words in English that are needed int
eh modern context. Second there is a power and prestige. Third, people like to talk
about things that are taboo in English because it doesn't feel as bad. Like sex and love
and even medical things.
Has the status of Hindi changed in the modern mass media in India? - Correct Answers
-Yes it has, for the better. Hindi print media is doing really well, the only country in the
world where print media is growing every year. Daily newspapers are in Hindi. They fill
the need for information that people have. There are double the amount of Bollywood
films that Hollywood films. And people everywhere watch Bollywood.
Why did Indian languages not get modernized like other European languages? - Correct
Answers -It never got a chance to be used in a progressive way. Like government and
administration. It can only grow when it is being used in a non expressive way. It's
changing, but slowly.
What is meant by the 'purist' and the 'pragmatist' approach to modernization of
languages in India? - Correct Answers -Purists want to modernize the Hindi language
by only borrowing from Sanskrit and older Hindi. Avoid English approach in order to
enrich the vocab. Pragmatists say that it is okay to try to maintain culture and language,
but that there is no harm in using common english phrases.
What are the twin goals of language planning and development in India? - Correct
Answers -Trying to not. Trying to move away from using English and focuses on
enriching the Hindi language.
What are the main differences between the educated and the non-educated varieties of
Telugu? Give examples. - Correct Answers -Some of the consonants (look up the list).
How things are pronounced. The SH sound I think?
Why is development of Indian languages critical? - Correct Answers -For a thriving
democracy to reduce the class differences. If they are not developed then the
languages cannot be used everywhere and it will create even more of a class
difference. And for science reasons? Also because if there is proper development of the
cognitive skills then they should be able to learn in their mother tongue. Children just
memorize without really learning.
ANSWERS
Why is it so difficult to define middle class in India? - Correct Answers -Because there is
a lot of diversity. Caste, class, religion, where they live (big city, small town)
What is meant by the terms SEC A and SEC B consumers? - Correct Answers -Socio
economic class A and B. High end consumers (A) and non English speaking, regional
language, watch Hindi films, and not as outward bound (B)
What are the consumers' attitudinal/psychological associations with Hindi and English in
the product ads in India? - Correct Answers -Hindi creates a feeling of solidarity. A
professional and family image. Used for products that are used on a daily basis. English
equals modern, luxury, upward mobility.
Has globalization accentuated the class difference in India? How? - Correct Answers -
Yes it has, it has created two Indias. One the English speaking India and the not English
speaking india. Exentured even more.
What is the 'think small' strategy Indian products sellers very frequently use in the Indian
markets? - Correct Answers -When a new product, especially something new and
global (daily use soap and shampoo). Most people will be feeling priced out so in order
to get those people in the game the creators make small versions of the new brands.
What are some of the important cultural changes typically attributed to the multi million
Rs advertisement campaigns in India? - Correct Answers -Many different ads have
caused this change. 1. The rise of individualism, ads contribute to that. You like this,
you use this, etc. Insurance product is very individual. 2. Consumerism is okay, you
should buy lots of things you dont need, live it up. 3. Opening up of cultural norms, like
love and sex. Rise in condom commercials.
What topics and themes are meticulously avoided by advertisers in India? - Correct
Answers -2. Caste and religion. Those are two super problematic things that don't get
brought up.
What is Fishman's advice to Indians who are serious about the maintenance and growth
of Indian languages in India? - Correct Answers -He wants anybody who is serious
about maintaining their languages has to use their languages intergenerationally. They
have to take personal responsibility for the language.
Define the following terms: inner circle, outer circle, and the expanding circle of English?
Who coined these terms? - Correct Answers -Raj Catru (look up) inner circle: native
english speaking (US, UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand). outer circle: ex-colonies
(Pakistan, India, etc) English is well entrenched but there are other languages that are
, doing well. Expanding circles: The desire to learn english is new but there. Not as well
established (China)
What is meant by ESL and EFL? - Correct Answers -ESL: English as a second
language. EFL: English as a foreign language. They are taught differently. ESL you can
walk outside and speak english with others. EFL you cannot. India is very much EFL.
What are some of the important reasons for code mixing with English in India? - Correct
Answers -First, it is need based. There are many words in English that are needed int
eh modern context. Second there is a power and prestige. Third, people like to talk
about things that are taboo in English because it doesn't feel as bad. Like sex and love
and even medical things.
Has the status of Hindi changed in the modern mass media in India? - Correct Answers
-Yes it has, for the better. Hindi print media is doing really well, the only country in the
world where print media is growing every year. Daily newspapers are in Hindi. They fill
the need for information that people have. There are double the amount of Bollywood
films that Hollywood films. And people everywhere watch Bollywood.
Why did Indian languages not get modernized like other European languages? - Correct
Answers -It never got a chance to be used in a progressive way. Like government and
administration. It can only grow when it is being used in a non expressive way. It's
changing, but slowly.
What is meant by the 'purist' and the 'pragmatist' approach to modernization of
languages in India? - Correct Answers -Purists want to modernize the Hindi language
by only borrowing from Sanskrit and older Hindi. Avoid English approach in order to
enrich the vocab. Pragmatists say that it is okay to try to maintain culture and language,
but that there is no harm in using common english phrases.
What are the twin goals of language planning and development in India? - Correct
Answers -Trying to not. Trying to move away from using English and focuses on
enriching the Hindi language.
What are the main differences between the educated and the non-educated varieties of
Telugu? Give examples. - Correct Answers -Some of the consonants (look up the list).
How things are pronounced. The SH sound I think?
Why is development of Indian languages critical? - Correct Answers -For a thriving
democracy to reduce the class differences. If they are not developed then the
languages cannot be used everywhere and it will create even more of a class
difference. And for science reasons? Also because if there is proper development of the
cognitive skills then they should be able to learn in their mother tongue. Children just
memorize without really learning.
